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Carbon-Based Slow-Release Fertilizers for Efficient Nutrient Management: Synthesis, Applications, and Future Research Needs

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Micro/nanoplastics: Critical review of their impacts on plants, interactions with other contaminants (antibiotics, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and management strategies

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Algal-Mediated Nanoparticles, Phycochar, and Biofertilizers for Mitigating Abiotic Stresses in Plants: A Review

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Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Yield of Peanut in Response to Biochar Application

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Biochar and jasmonic acid application attenuates antioxidative systems and improves growth, physiology, nutrient uptake and productivity of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) irrigated with saline water

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Biochar alleviated the toxic effects of PVC microplastic in a soil-plant system by upregulating soil enzyme activities and microbial abundance

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Critical review of measures and decision support tools for groundwater nitrate management: A surface-to-groundwater profile perspective

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Biochar impacts on soil chemical properties, greenhouse gas emissions and forage productivity: A field experiment

Ginebra, M., Muñoz, C., Pereira, R. C., Doussoulin, M., & Zagal, E., V (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150465 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Willingness to Adopt Biochar in Agriculture: The Producer’s Perspective

Latawiec, A., Królczyk, J., Kuboń, M., Szwedziak, K., Drosik, A., Polańczyk, E., Grotkiewicz, K., & Strassburg, B. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9040655 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Biochar impacts on NH3-volatilization kinetics and growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under saline conditions

Ding, Z., Zhou, Z., Lin, X., Zhao, F., Wang, B., Lin, F., Ge, Y., & Eissa, M. A. (2020) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112903 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Biochar supply‐chain and challenges to commercialization

Zilberman, D., Laird, D. A., Rainey, C., Jie, S., & Kahn, G. (2022) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12952 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Combined biochar and nitrogen fertilization at appropriate rates could balance the leaching and availability of soil inorganic nitrogen

Li, S., Wang, S., & Shangguan, Z. (2019) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2019.02.013 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Four-year continuous residual effects of biochar application to a sandy loam soil on crop yield and N2O and NO emissions under maize-wheat rotation

Liao, X., Niu, Y., Liu, D., Chen, Z., He, T., Luo, J., Lindsey, S., & Ding, W. (2020) · Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.107109 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Biochar and Water Quality.

Blanco-Canqui, H. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2018.06.0248 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Biochar stimulates tea growth by improving nutrients in acidic soil

Yan, P., Shen, C., Zou, Z., Fu, J., Li, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Han, W., & Fan, L. (2021) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110078 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Microbial mechanism of biochar addition on nitrogen leaching and retention in tea soils from different plantation ages

Chen, P., Liu, Y., Mo, C., Jiang, Z. J., Yang, J., & Lin, J. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143817 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Impact of biochar on nutrient supply, crop yield and microbial respiration on sandy soils of northern Germany

Knoblauch, C., Priyadarshani, S. H. R., Haefele, S. M., Schröder, N., & Pfeiffer, E. (2021) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/ejss.13088 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Biochar exerts negative effects on soil fauna across multiple trophic levels in a cultivated acidic soil

Liu, T., Yang, L., Hu, Z., Xue, J., Lu, Y., Chen, X., Griffiths, B. S., Whalen, J. K., & Liu, M. (2020) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-020-01436-1 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Mineral nitrogen captured in field-aged biochar is plant-available

Haider, G., Joseph, S. D., Steffens, D., Müller, C., Taherymoosavi, S., Mitchell, D. R. G., & Kammann, C. I. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70586-x · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Yield-scaled N 2 O emissions were effectively reduced by biochar amendment of sandy loam soil under maize - wheat rotation in the North China Plain

Niu, Y., Chen, Z., Müller, C., Zaman, M. M., Kim, D., Yu, H., & Ding, W. (2017) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.050 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

A role for the gibberellin pathway in biochar-mediated growth promotion

French, E., & Iyer‐Pascuzzi, A. S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23677-9 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Short-term effects of organo-mineral biochar and organic fertilisers on nitrogen cycling, plant photosynthesis, and nitrogen use efficiency

Nguyen, T. T. N., Wallace, H. M., Xu, C., Xu, Z. H., Farrar, M. B., Joseph, S. D., ZWIETEN, L. V., & Bai, S. H. (2017) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-017-1839-5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Broadcast woody biochar provides limited benefits to deficit irrigation maize in Colorado

Ramlow, M., Foster, E. J., Grosso, S. J. D., & Cotrufo, M. F. (2018) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.017 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Biochar amendment improves shoot biomass of tomato seedlings and sustains water relations and leaf gas exchange rates under different irrigation and nitrogen regimes

Guo, L., Bornø, M. L., Niu, W., & Liu, F. (2020) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106580 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Effects of Maize Residue Biochar Amendments on Soil Properties and Soil Loss on Acidic Hutton Soil

Nyambo, P., Taeni, T., Chiduza, C., & Araya, T. (2018) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy8110256 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Poly-γ-glutamic acid improves water-stable aggregates, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency, water-fertilizer productivity, and economic benefit in barren desertified soils of Northwest China

Liang, J., & Shi, W. (2020) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106551 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Short-term influence of biochar on soil temperature, liquid moisture content and soybean growth in a seasonal frozen soil area

Li, Q., Wang, M., Fu, Q., Li, T., Liu, D., Hou, R., Li, H., Cui, S., & Ji, Y. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110609 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Biochar effects on crop yields and nitrogen loss depending on fertilization

Wei, W., Yang, H., Fan, M., Chen, H., Guo, D., Cao, J. J., & Kuzyakov, Y. V. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134423 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions

Khan, Z., Rahman, M. H. U., Haider, G., Amir, R., Ikram, R. M., Ahmad, S., Schofield, H. K., Riaz, B., Iqbal, R., Fahad, S., et al. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13115890 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Environment and agricultural practices regulate enhanced biochar-induced soil carbon pools and crop yield: A meta-analysis

Zhang, N., Ye, X., Gao, Y., Liu, G., Liu, Z., Zhang, Q., Liu, E., Sun, S., Ren, X., Jia, Z., et al. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167290 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Biochar addition leads to more soil organic carbon sequestration under a maize-rice cropping system than continuous flooded rice

Mehmood, I., Qiao, L., Chen, H., Tang, Q., Woolf, D., & Fan, M. (2020) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.106965 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Affordable Production of Antioxidant Aqueous Solutions by Hydrodynamic Cavitation Processing of Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Needles

Albanese, L., Bonetti, A., D’Acqui, L. P., Meneguzzo, F., & Zabini, F. (2019) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods8020065 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Different feedstocks of biochar affected the bioavailability and uptake of heavy metals by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in metal contaminated soil

Amin, M. A., Haider, G., Rizwan, M., Schofield, H. K., Qayyum, M. F., Zia‐ur‐Rehman, M., & Ali, S. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114845 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Insights into the effects of tea pruning litter biochar on major micronutrients (Cu, Mn, and Zn) pathway from soil to tea plant: An environmental armour

Sarmah, M., Borgohain, A., Gogoi, B. B., Yeasin, M., Paul, R. K., Malakar, H., Handique, J. G., Saikia, J., Deka, D., Khare, P., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129970 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Straw and biochar effects on soil properties and tomato seedling growth under different moisture levels

Khan, M. N., Lan, Z., Sial, T. A., Zhao, Y., Haseeb, A., Jianguo, Z., Zhang, A., & Hill, R. L. (2019) · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science · doi:10.1080/03650340.2019.1575510 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China

Zheng, Y., Han, X., Li, Y., Liu, S., Ji, J., & Tong, Y.-X. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66300-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Biochar and slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizers improved growth, nitrogen use, yield, and fiber quality of cotton under arid climatic conditions

Manzoor, S., Rahman, M. H. U., Haider, G., Ghafoor, I., Ahmad, S., Afzal, M., Nawaz, F., Iqbal, R., Yasin, M., Tanveer-ul-Haq, et al. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16576-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Putting Biochar in Action: A Black Gold for Efficient Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Plants. Review and Future Directions

Gao, Z., Ding, J., Ali, B., Nawaz, M., Hassan, M., Ali, A., Rasheed, A., Khan, M. N., Özdemir, F. A., Iqbal, R., et al. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c07921 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Inhibited effect of biochar application on N2O emissions is amount and time-dependent by regulating denitrification in a wheat-maize rotation system in North China

Liu, H., Li, H., Zhang, A., Rahaman, M. A., & Yang, Z. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137636 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Synergetic use of biochar and synthetic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to improves maize productivity and nutrient retention in loamy soil

Minhas, W. A., Hussain, M., Mehboob, N., Nawaz, A., Ul‐Allah, S., Rizwan, M. S., & Hassan, Z. (2020) · Journal of Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/01904167.2020.1729804 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy

Wacal, C., Ogata, N., Basalirwa, D., Handa, T., Sasagawa, D., Acidri, R., Ishigaki, T., Kato, M., Masunaga, T., Yamamoto, S., et al. (2019) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy9020055 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Assessing the environmental benefit of a new fertilizer based on activated biochar applied to cereal crops

González-Cencerrado, A., Ranz, J. P., Jiménez, M. T. L.-F., & Rebolledo, B. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134668 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Nitrate leaching losses mitigated with intercropping of deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants

Ding, Y., Huang, X., Li, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, Q., Liu, X., Xu, J. M., & Di, H. (2020) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-020-02733-w · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Fostering plant growth performance under drought stress using rhizospheric microbes, their gene editing, and biochar

Chauhan, P. K., Upadhyay, S. K., Rajput, V. D., Dwivedi, P., Minkina, T., & Wong, M. H. (2024) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-023-01823-1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

The effect of biochar on crop productivity and soil salinity and its dependence on experimental conditions in salt-affected soils: a meta-analysis

Wu, B., Yang, H., Li, S., & Tao, J. (2024) · Carbon Research · doi:10.1007/s44246-024-00138-9 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Pathways and mechanisms by which biochar application reduces nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from a rice agroecosystem

Wang, M., Fu, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Shen, J., Liu, X., & Wu, J. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149193 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer co-application changed SOC content and fraction composition in Huang-Huai-Hai plain, China

Dong, L., Yang, X. L., Shi, L., Shen, Y., Wang, L., Wang, J., Li, C., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132925 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Assessment of Acidic Biochar on the Growth, Physiology and Nutrients Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Salinity Stress

Soothar, M. K., Hamani, A. K. M., Sootahar, M. K., Sun, J., Gao, Y., Bhatti, S. M., & Traore, A. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13063150 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Biochar as a Potential Nutrient Carrier for Agricultural Applications

Sharma, S., Mukherjee, S., Bolan, S. S., de Figueiredo, C., Fachini, J., Chang, S. X., Palansooriya, K. N., Zhou, P., Hou, D., Kaya, C., et al. (2025) · Current Pollution Reports · doi:10.1007/s40726-025-00349-7 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Differences in Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Wheat in Response to Single and Combined Salicylic Acid and Biochar Subjected to Limited Water Irrigation in Saline Sodic Soil

Hafez, E. M., Kheir, A. M. S., Badawy, S. A., Rashwan, E., Farig, M., & Osman, H. S. (2020) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants9101346 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Pyrolysis biochar has negligible effects on soil greenhouse gas production, microbial communities, plant germination, and initial seedling growth

Meschewski, E., Holm, N., Sharma, B. K., Spokas, K. A., Minalt, N., & Kelly, J. J. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.031 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Straw-based biochar mediated potassium availability and increased growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Qayyum, M. F., Haider, G., Raza, M. A., Mohamed, A. K. S. H., Rizwan, M., El‐Sheikh, M. A., Alyemeni, M. N., & Ali, S. (2020) · Journal of Saudi Chemical Society · doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2020.10.004 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Effects of Different Biochars on Wheat Growth Parameters, Yield and Soil Fertility Status in a Silty Clay Loam Soil

Sial, T. A., Lan, Z., Wang, L., Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Kumbhar, F., Memon, M., Lashari, M. S., & Shah, A. N. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24091798 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

The role of biochar in alleviating soil drought stress in urban roadside greenery

Kim, Y. J., Hyun, J., Yoo, S.-Y., & Yoo, G. (2021) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115223 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

High pyrolysis temperature biochars reduce nitrogen availability and nitrous oxide emissions from an acid soil

Lan, Z., Chen, C. R., Rashti, M. R., Yang, H. S., & Zhang, D. (2018) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12529 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Linking feedstock and application rate of biochars to N2O emission in a sandy loam soil: Potential mechanisms

Lan, Z., Chen, C. R., Rashti, M. R., Yang, H. S., & Zhang, D. (2018) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.11.007 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Biochar addition changed the nutrient content and runoff water quality from the top layer of a grass field during simulated snowmelt

Saarnio, S., Räty, M., Hyrkäs, M., & Virkajärvi, P. (2018) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.007 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Effect of field-aged biochar on fertilizer N retention and N2O emissions: A field microplot experiment with 15N-labeled urea

Liao, X., Liu, D., Niu, Y., Chen, Z., He, T., & Ding, W. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145645 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Combined biochar and double inhibitor application offsets NH3 and N2O emissions and mitigates N leaching in paddy fields

He, T., Yuan, J., Xiang, J., Lin, Y., Luo, J., Lindsey, S. B., Liao, X., Liu, D., & Ding, W. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118344 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

A potential slow-release fertilizer based on biogas residue biochar: Nutrient release patterns and synergistic mechanism for improving soil fertility

Luo, Z., Li, Y., Pei, X., Woon, K. S., Liu, M., Liu, M., Hu, Z., Li, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119076 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Soil biochemical properties and crop productivity following application of locally produced biochar at organic farms on Waldron Island, WA

Gao, S., Hoffman-Krull, K., & DeLuca, T. H. (2017) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-017-0379-9 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Biochars Improve Nutrient Phyto-Availability of Hawai’i’s Highly Weathered Soils

Berek, A. K., Hue, N. V., Radovich, T., & Ahmad, A. A. (2018) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy8100203 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Mulched drip irrigation and biochar application reduce gaseous nitrogen emissions, but increase nitrogen uptake and peanut yield

Wang, S., Xia, G., Zheng, J., Wang, Y., Chen, T., Chi, D., Bolan, N. S., Chang, S. X., Wang, T., & Ok, Y. S. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154753 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Biochar-influenced solubilization and mineralization mechanisms of phosphorus in saline-sodic soils

Chang, L., Ju, T., Liang, K., & Li, Y. (2025) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109890 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Nutrient retention and release from raw exhausted grape marc biochars and an amended agricultural soil: Static and dynamic investigation

Ferjani, A. I., Jellali, S., Akrout, H., Limousy, L., Hamdi, H., Thévenin, N., & Jeguirim, M. (2020) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.100885 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Biochar as a beneficial soil amendment in sandy soils : a long term field and greenhouse study to improve the mechanistic understanding

Haider, G., & Justus Liebig University Giessen (2016) · University writing server of the Justus Liebig University Giessen (Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen) · doi:10.22029/jlupub-10399

Biochar effects on crop yields and nitrogen loss depending on fertilization

Wei, W., Yang, H., Fan, M., Chen, H., Guo, D., Cao, J. J., & Kuzyakov, Y. V. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134423 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Yield-scaled N 2 O emissions were effectively reduced by biochar amendment of sandy loam soil under maize - wheat rotation in the North China Plain

Niu, Y., Chen, Z., Müller, C., Zaman, M. M., Kim, D., Yu, H., & Ding, W. (2017) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.050 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Four-year continuous residual effects of biochar application to a sandy loam soil on crop yield and N2O and NO emissions under maize-wheat rotation

Liao, X., Niu, Y., Liu, D., Chen, Z., He, T., Luo, J., Lindsey, S., & Ding, W. (2020) · Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.107109 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Successive biochar amendment affected crop yield by regulating soil nitrogen functional microbes in wheat-maize rotation farmland

Xie, Y., Dong, C., Chen, Z., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Gou, P., Zhao, X. S., Ma, D., Kang, G., Wang, C., et al. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110671 · Cited by 52 · see citing works