Stability of black carbon in soils across a climatic gradient
Open accessAbstract
The recalcitrant properties of black carbon (BC) grant it to be a significant pool of stable organic C (OC) in soils. Up to now, however, the longevity of BC under different climates is still unclear. In this study, we used BC samples from historical charcoal blast furnace sites to examine the stability of BC across a climatic gradient of mean annual temperatures (MAT) from 3.9 to 17.2°C. The results showed that OC concentration and OC storage in the BC‐containing soils at a soil depth of 0–0.2 m were 9.0 and 4.7 times higher than those in adjacent soils, respectively. Organic C in the BC‐containing soils was more stable, with a significantly lower amount of the labile OC fraction (4.4 mg g−1 OC versus 27.5 mg g−1 OC) and longer half‐life of the recalcitrant OC fraction (59 years versus 9 years) than the adjacent soils determined by incubation experiments. The stability of BC was primarily due to its inherently recalcitrant chemical composition as suggested by short‐term incubation and solid state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of isolated BC particles. A significant negative relationship between OC storage and MAT further indicated that OC storage was decreased with warmer climate. However, the lack of a relationship between MAT and BC mineralization suggested that the stability of the remaining BC was similar between sites with very different MAT. Despite the fact that warming or cooling result in immediate consequences for BC stocks, it may have little impact on the stability of remaining BC over the period studied.
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The long-term stability of biochar in soil is a key factor affecting the decrease of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.
“The long-term stability of biochar in soil is a key factor affecting the decrease of CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere (Cheng et al. 2008).”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Cheng et al. 2008
In situ, cation retention increases with biochar age and depends on climatic conditions.
“In situ , cation retention increases with biochar age and depends on climatic conditions, [24,25].”
From A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics (2013) · cites this paper as [25]
Section 4.2, “Climate and Carbon Storage,” relates climate to black-carbon decomposition and organic-carbon storage, not cation retention. A search of our copy for cation retention, cation exchange capacity, and surface charge found no passage establishing that cation retention increases with biochar age or varies with climate. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Cheng, C., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E., & Burton, S. D.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- G2
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080826644
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 24.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil and Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- black carbon, soil organic carbon, carbon stability, recalcitrant carbon, mean annual temperature, climate gradients, organic carbon storage, labile carbon, organic carbon mineralization, solid-state 13C NMR, soil warming
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