Degradation of p -Nitrophenol by Lignin and Cellulose Chars: H 2 O 2 -Mediated Reaction and Direct Reaction with the Char
Abstract
Chars and other black carbons are reactive toward certain compounds. Such reactivity has been attributed to reduction of O 2 by persistent free radicals in the solid to H 2 O 2, which then back-reacts with the solid to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS; especially HO • ). We studied the decomposition of p -nitrophenol (PNP) by pure lignin and cellulose chars aged in moist air or a vacuum at room temperature for up to a month. In air, the chars chemisorbed oxygen, a portion of which was liberated as H 2 O 2 when the char was submerged in water. The evolved H 2 O 2 was simultaneously decomposed by the char. PNP reacted predominantly in the sorbed state and only reduction products (phenol, catechol) were identified. Aging the char in air sharply (within hours) reduced H 2 O 2 -producing capacity and free radical concentration, but more gradually reduced PNP decay rate over the month-long period. PNP decay was only modestly suppressed (12–30%) by H 2 O 2 removal (catalase), and had little effect on the free radical signal (<6 radicals annihilated per 1000 PNP reacted). Contrasting with previous studies, the results show that direct reaction of PNP with char predominates over H 2 O 2 -dependent reactions, and the vast majority of direct-reacting sites are nonradical in character. Nonradical sites are also responsible in part for H 2 O 2 decomposition; in fact, H 2 O 2 pretreatment depleted PNP reactive sites. Lignin char was generally more reactive than cellulose char. The Fe impurity in lignin played no role. The results are relevant to the fate of pollutants in black carbon-rich environments and the use of carbons in remediation.
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EPFRs with unpaired electrons, as by-products formed after incomplete thermal decomposition under catalysis of transition metals with half-lives in ambient air from hours to months, possess highly active redox properties to catalyse peroxides to generate ROS via single-electron transfer.
“EPFRs with unpaired electrons, as the by-products formed after the incomplete thermal decomposition under the catalysis of transition metals with half lives in ambient air from hours to months, have been reported to possess highly active redox properties to catalyse peroxides (e.g., H2O2, PMS, and PDS) to generate ROS via a single-electron transfer process.52,122,123”
From Sustainable remediation with an electroactive biochar system: mechanisms and perspectives (2020) · cites this paper as [122]
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- Authors
- Yang, J., Pignatello, J. J., Pan, B., & Xing, B.
- Affiliations
- Kunming University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (US)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pignatello, Joseph J.
- Pan, Bo
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-07-25
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 8972-8980
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2729681413
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 7.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture
- China Scholarship Council
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Advanced oxidation water treatment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Keywords
- p-nitrophenol degradation, black carbon, hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species, persistent free radicals, chemisorbed oxygen, iron impurities, remediation
- MeSH terms
- Cellulose, Hydrogen Peroxide, Lignin, Nitrophenols
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