Heterogeneity of biochar properties as a function of feedstock sources and production temperatures
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of the two main categories of factors determining the yield and properties of biochar, i.e., feedstock properties and production conditions, here represented by the highest treatment temperature (HTT). To achieve this, a wide range of production temperatures (200-650°C) and an extensive set of diverse feedstock (n=12) were used to calculate the sensitivity. The quantitative evaluation was based on statistical analysis of coefficients of variation, and thus derived indices representing the extent of influence of the two factors, i.e., a feedstock-depended heterogeneity (HF) and a temperature-depended heterogeneity (HT). The results showed that both feedstock properties and production conditions are important for determining the yield and properties of biochar, but their respective influence changes with the property or set of properties of interest. The biochar parameters most affected by feedstock properties were e.g., total organic carbon, fixed carbon, and mineral elements of biochar. On the other hand, biochar surface area and pH was mainly influenced by highest treatment temperature. Biochar recalcitrance was mainly determined by production temperature, while the potential total C sequestration (product of recalcitrance and pyrolysis carbon yield) depended more on feedstock. Overall, the work sheds some light on the relative importance of different biochar production process parameters on the final biochar product, which is an important step towards "designed" biochar.
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Heterogeneous CRD wood with high holocellulose and low lignin promotes tar and gas formation, reducing FC and chemical stability.
“Heterogeneous CRD wood with high holocellulose and low lignin promotes tar and gas formation, reducing FC and chemical stability [105][106][107].”
From Pilot-Scale Slow Pyrolysis, Post-Heat Treatment, and Self-Heating Performance of Biochar Fuels Derived from Construction, Renovation, and Demolition (CRD) Wood Waste (2026) · cites this paper as [105]
Section 3.1 (page not provided) reports that feedstock source affects biochar fixed carbon, which supports the general feedstock-related part of the claim. It does not establish that CRD wood has high holocellulose and low lignin or that this composition promotes tar and gas formation, reducing fixed carbon. Section 3.2 (page not provided) instead identifies production temperature as the dominant control on biochar recalcitrance. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Zhao, L., Cao, X., Mašek, O., & Zimmerman, A.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cao, Xinde
- Venue
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 256-257
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0304-3894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2170156776
- Cited by
- 933
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 101 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 21.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Journal of Hazardous Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21077072, 21107070)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- biochar, pyrolysis temperature, biochar properties, carbon sequestration, biochar surface area, biochar pH, fixed carbon, mineral elements, carbon yield, sensitivity analysis, coefficient of variation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Charcoal, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Manure, Swine, Temperature, Waste Products, Triticum, Carbon Sequestration
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