Independent Control of Rigidity and Toughness of Polymeric Hydrogels
Abstract
Refined control over the mechanical properties of hydrogel-based materials has increased as these materials have found broader application. We investigated various aspects of gel cross-linking to independently regulate the elastic modulus ( E ) and toughness ( W ). Alginate hydrogels were chosen as a model system, since alginate can be gelled via ionic or covalent cross-linking, and its block structure dictates the structure of ionic cross-links. Increasing the density of covalent cross-links increased E but led to more brittle gels. In contrast, increasing the density of ionic cross-links and length of the blocks responsible for the cross-linking increased both E and W . Oscillatory shear measurements suggested that ionic cross-links and their length were important in dissipating the energy of deformation due to a partial and stepwise de-cross-linking. In contrast, covalently cross-linked gels underwent energy accumulation. This study demonstrates a novel approach to independently control different mechanical properties of gels.
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The mechanical properties of alginate, such as elastic modulus, extensibility, and characteristic relaxation time, can be easily tuned.
“The mechanical properties of alginate, such as elastic modulus, extensibility, and characteristic relaxation time, can also be easily tuned109.”
From Towards organoid culture without Matrigel (2021) · cites this paper as [109]
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- Authors
- Kong, H. J., Wong, E., & Mooney, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mooney, David J.
- Venue
- Macromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2003-05-20
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4582-4588
- ISSN
- 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5835
- OpenAlex
- W2134835131
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Keywords
- alginate hydrogel, covalent cross-links, elastic modulus, toughness, mechanical properties, block length, energy dissipation, oscillatory shear, hydrogel mechanics
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