Cited by 224Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsPolysaccharides Composition and ApplicationsAdvanced Materials and Mechanics

Independent Control of Rigidity and Toughness of Polymeric Hydrogels

Kong, Hyun Joon, Wong, Emma, Mooney, David J.·2003·Macromolecules

Abstract

Refined control over the mechanical properties of hydrogel-based materials has increased as these materials have found broader application. We investigated various aspects of gel cross-linking to independently regulate the elastic modulus ( E ) and toughness ( W ). Alginate hydrogels were chosen as a model system, since alginate can be gelled via ionic or covalent cross-linking, and its block structure dictates the structure of ionic cross-links. Increasing the density of covalent cross-links increased E but led to more brittle gels. In contrast, increasing the density of ionic cross-links and length of the blocks responsible for the cross-linking increased both E and W . Oscillatory shear measurements suggested that ionic cross-links and their length were important in dissipating the energy of deformation due to a partial and stepwise de-cross-linking. In contrast, covalently cross-linked gels underwent energy accumulation. This study demonstrates a novel approach to independently control different mechanical properties of gels.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1021/ma034137w

Cites

27 of 27 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The mechanical properties of alginate, such as elastic modulus, extensibility, and characteristic relaxation time, can be easily tuned.

    “The mechanical properties of alginate, such as elastic modulus, extensibility, and characteristic relaxation time, can also be easily tuned109.”

    From Towards organoid culture without Matrigel (2021) · cites this paper as [109]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kong, H. J., Wong, E., & Mooney, D. J.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Mooney, David J.
Venue
Macromolecules
Published
2003-05-20
Volume
36
Issue
12
Pages
4582-4588
ISSN
  • 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5835
OpenAlex
W2134835131
Cited by
224
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
FWCI
3.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
Keywords
alginate hydrogel, covalent cross-links, elastic modulus, toughness, mechanical properties, block length, energy dissipation, oscillatory shear, hydrogel mechanics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review