Cited by 161Berberine and alkaloids researchTraditional Chinese Medicine AnalysisDrug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms

Berberine and its metabolites: Relationship between physicochemical properties and plasma levels after administration to human subjects

Spinozzi, Silvia, Colliva, Carolina, Camborata, Cecilia, Roberti, Marinella, Ianni, Cristina, Neri, Flavia, Calvarese, Claudio, Lisotti, Andrea +2 more·2014·Journal of Natural Products

Abstract

Berberine (1) is an alkaloid used widely in the treatment of several diseases. However, its physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism remain unclear, and conflicting data have been reported. In this study, the main physicochemical properties of 1 and its metabolites were evaluated, including lipophilicity, solubility, pKa, and albumin binding. A sensitive HPLC-ESIMS/MS method was developed and validated to identify 1 and its main metabolites in human plasma. This method was used to quantify their levels in the plasma of healthy volunteers and hypercholesterolemic patients following a single dose and chronic administration, respectively. In both cases, berberrubine (2) was found to be the main metabolite. Surprisingly, 2 is more lipophilic than 1, which suggests that this compound tautomerizes to a highly conjugated, electroneutral quinoid structure. This was confirmed by NMR studies. These results indicate that the higher plasma concentration of 2 was a consequence of a more efficient intestinal absorption, suggesting that berberrubine is potentially more pharmacologically active than berberine.

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Crossref · 10.1021/np400607k

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Authors
Spinozzi, S., Colliva, C., Camborata, C., Roberti, M., Ianni, C., Neri, F., Calvarese, C., Lisotti, A., Mazzella, G., & Roda, A.
Affiliations
University of Bologna (IT)
Corresponding author
Roda, Aldo
Venue
Journal of Natural Products
Published
2014-03-05
Volume
77
Issue
4
Pages
766-772
ISSN
  • 0163-3864 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-6025
OpenAlex
W2006053501
Cited by
161
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
FWCI
5.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Natural Products (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
  • Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Berberine and alkaloids research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Keywords
berberine, berberrubine, alkaloid metabolism, pharmacokinetics, plasma concentration, lipophilicity, solubility, pKa, albumin binding, intestinal absorption, chronic drug administration
MeSH terms
Administration, Oral, Adult, Alkaloids, Berberine, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Female, Humans, Male, Molecular Structure

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