Enzymatic Synthesis of Artemisinin from Natural and Synthetic Precursors
Abstract
To investigate the biosynthetic pathway of artemisinin, an assay system for the determination of activity of the enzymes involved in its synthesis has been developed. Results from these experiments have shown that HEPES provides a better buffer system than Tris-HCl. The enzyme(s) requires Mg2+ and/or Mn2+, and the addition of ATP and NADPH+H+ significantly enhances the enzyme activity. A new substrate, dihydroarteannuin B, has been synthesized that can easily be radiolabeled with high specific activity. It is utilized by the enzyme system and is converted to artemisinin with the same efficiency as the natural substrates. This can be conveniently used as a precursor for elucidation of the pathway for artemisinin biosynthesis.
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A large number of other cadinane and amorphane sesquiterpenes have been suggested as late-stage intermediates at or around the juncture between phases 2 and 3 of artemisinin biosynthesis.
“A large number of other cadinane and amorphane sesquiterpenes, including: arteannuin B (462) [248,285]; epi-deoxyarteannuin B (478) [286]; dihydroarteannuin B (479) [249]; dihydro-epi-deoxyarteannuin B (485) [286]; the seco-cadinane (494) [217]; and artemisitene (497) [211,248,284] have also been suggested as late-stage intermediates at or around this point in the biosynthesis”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [249]
Dihydroarteannuin B (479) can be converted into artemisinin by cell-free extracts of A. annua.
“It has also been claimed that the 11,13-dihydro analogue of arteannuin B (462), dihydroarteannuin B (479), can be converted into artemisinin by cell free extracts of A. annua [249,312].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [249]
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The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao)
Brown, G. D. (2010) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules15117603 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
In vivo transformations of dihydroartemisinic acid in Artemisia annua plants
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Self-citationThe molecular cloning of 8-epicedrol synthase from Artemisia annua
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Genetic engineering of artemisinin biosynthesis: prospects to improve its production
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Self-citationSynthesis of labelled dihydroartemisinic acid
Brown, G. D., & Sy, L.-K. (2004) · Tetrahedron · doi:10.1016/j.tet.2003.11.069 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bharel, S., Gulati, A., Abdin, M. Z., Srivastava, P. S., Vishwakarma, R. A., & Jain, S. K.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Immunology (IN)
- Venue
- Journal of Natural Products
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 1998-04-17
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 633-636
- ISSN
- 0163-3864 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6025
- OpenAlex
- W1995098186
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Natural Products (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical compounds biological activities
- Keywords
- artemisinin, enzymatic synthesis, artemisinin biosynthesis, radiolabeled precursors, enzyme activity assay, HEPES buffer, Tris-HCl buffer, synthetic precursors
- MeSH terms
- Antimalarials, Sesquiterpenes, Asteraceae, Artemisinins
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