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The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: An Initial Study Investigating the Early Detection of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Abstract
Autism, a severe disorder of development, is difficult to detect in very young children. However, children who receive early intervention have improved long-term prognoses. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), consisting of 23 yes/no items, was used to screen 1,293 children. Of the 58 children given a diagnostic/developmental evaluation, 39 were diagnosed with a disorder on the autism spectrum. Six items pertaining to social relatedness and communication were found to have the best discriminability between children diagnosed with and without autism/PDD. Cutoff scores were created for the best items and the total checklist. Results indicate that the M-CHAT is a promising instrument for the early detection of autism.
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“To verify ASD, students were screened for autism with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT; Robins, Fein, Barton, & Green, 2001) or the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ; Berument, Rutter, Lord, Pickles, & Bailey, 1999), depending on age. Students were then evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (Lord et al., 2000) to verify diagnosis by an evaluator with”
From Too Stressed to Teach? Teaching Quality, Student Engagement, and IEP Outcomes (2017) · cites this paper as Robins, Fein, Barton, & Green, 2001
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“The M–CHAT has been validated in two large validation studies.”
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MethodScreening for Behavioral Health Issues in Primary Care
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Evaluation Of The Autism Knowledge in Parents of the Children Aged Under 6 Years
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Autismo: identificación e intervención temprana
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Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders
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“The M-CHAT is a screening tool for children 16 to 48 months and was developed to improve prediction of the CHAT.”
MethodInfluentialClinical and Genetic Heterogeneity of Autism
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Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F), also M-CHAT
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Atypical social development in neonatal intensive care unit survivors at 12 months
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Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Parent Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Infants at Risk: A Follow-up Study
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“However, neither Briggs-Gowen et al. (2004) nor Gardner et al. (2013) obtained actual ASD diagnoses; they compared the scores to CBCL/1.5−5 (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000) and M- CHAT (M-CHAT: Robins et al., 2001), respectively.”
MethodResultInfluentialEarly Manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Barton, M. L., Orinstein, A. J., Troyb, E., & FEIN, D. A. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391924-3.00003-x · Cited by 7
Self-citationAppropriateness of Using Autism Spectrum Disorders Screening Tools in a Hearing Evaluation Service
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“A esse respeito, o estudo da versão original do M-CHAT destacou que os seis itens que melhor discriminaram o grupo de crianças com TEA de crianças sem TEA foram aqueles associados a comportamentos de atenção compartilhada de relações sociais e de comunicação (Robins et al., 2001).”
BackgroundFeng, M., Zhai, M., Xu, J., Ding, N., Qiu, N., Shao, H., Jin, P., & Ke, X. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11121651 · Cited by 6
“The modified checklist for autism in toddlers [33] (M-CHAT) and the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Development Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP-ITC) were used for early HR-ASD symptom screening in this study.”
MethodDo Autism-Specific and General Developmental Screens Have Complementary Clinical Value?
STURNER, R. A., Bergmann, P. E., Howard, B. J., Bet, K., Stewart, L., & Attar, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05541-y · Cited by 6
“Up Interview The M-CHAT-R is a parent-report checklist with 20 yes/no response options (Kleinman et al., 2008; Robins et al., 2001).”
MethodLung, F., Chen, P., Shen, L.-J., & Shu, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.758032 · Cited by 6
“Autism screening M-CHAT is a parent-reported 23-item screening instrument designed to screen children at high risk of ASD in the general population (Robins et al., 2001).”
BackgroundKushner, E. H., Britsch, E. R., & Iverson, J. M. (2022) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12809 · Cited by 6
Un segundo espectro del autismo: de la conducta a la neurona
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“M-CHAT의 민감도는 87%-89%, 특이도는 93%-97%로 CHAT에 비해 유용하다고 보고되고 있다(Dumont-Mathieu & Fein, 2005).”
InfluentialMaternal age at childbirth and social development in infancy
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Differential Diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Early assessment and diagnosis of children
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Autism Spectrum Disorder in Preterm Children
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Interactive Block Games for Assessing Children's Cognitive Skills: Design and Preliminary Evaluation
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“Next, research sought to modify this checklist to further improve its validity, reliability, and ease of use (Robins et al., 2001).”
BackgroundIt Looks Like Autism: Caution in Diagnosis
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“A validation study involving 1,293 children demonstrated that the M-CHAT has excellent psychometric properties, with sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 99%, positive predictive value of 80%, and negative predictive value of 99% against diagnostic interview for ASD (Robins et al., 2001).”
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“Well-developed screening tools for autism or ID are readily available for younger children in the West and high-income countries (McKenzie et al., 2012; Robins et al., 2001; Young, 2007).”
A machine learning model based on CHAT-23 for early screening of autism in Chinese children
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“Seule la première édition est adaptée et disponible en français (Rogé, 1989).”
Autism spectrum disorder: A clinical path to early diagnosis, evaluation, and intervention
Gabis, L. V. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814037-6.00004-5 · Cited by 5
Lau, D. S. C., Ismail, J., Latiff, Z. A., & Lope, R. J. R. (2019) · Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.51407/mjpch.v25i1.39 · Cited by 5
“The sensitivity level was also relatively comparable to the study done by Robins et al (sensitivity of 97%) in the general population, especially for the 18-24 months old [10].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialCohort profile: the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study and Offspring Follow-up (CPWCSaOF)
Lyu, T., Chen, Y., Zhan, Y., Shi, Y., Yue, H., Liu, X. E., Meng, Y., Jing, A., Qu, Y., Ma, H., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044933 · Cited by 5
Avaliação dos Movimentos Gerais de Prechtl (GMA) na detecção precoce de risco ao desenvolvimento
Nunes, S. F., Chiquetti, E. M. D. S., de Moraes, A. B., & de Souza, A. P. R. (2020) · Fisioterapia e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/1809-2950/19008427042020 · Cited by 5
Cantiani, C., Riva, V., Dondena, C., Riboldi, E. M., Lorusso, M. L., & Molteni, M. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.04.020 · Cited by 5
The Effect of Neonatal Sepsis on Risk of Autism Diagnosis
Getahun, D., Fassett, M. J., Xiang, A. H., Chiu, V. Y., Takhar, H. S., Shaw, S. F., & Peltier, M. R. (2021) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1731648 · Cited by 6
Validation of Hindi Translation of Survey of Well-Being of Young Children Tool in Indian Children
Suman, P., Mushtaq, I., & Tandon, R. (2022) · Indian Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s13312-022-2556-8 · Cited by 5
“To assess these domains, each SWYC form includes four components: i) SWYC Milestones, which is a questionnaire with 10 questions for each age group to evaluate developmental milestones (cognitive, motor, social, and language skills); ii) Baby Pediatric Symptom Checklist (BPSC) for age below 18 month or Preschool Pedia…”
MethodLu, H., Tsai, J., & Tsao, F. (2022) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-022-09445-x · Cited by 5
“At time 1, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) [30] was used as a screening tool to identify toddlers at high risk for ASD, and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) [31] was used to identify children with cognitive delays.”
MethodAdverse short- and long-term outcomes among infants with mild neonatal encephalopathy
Akula, V. P., Sriram, A., Xu, S., Walsh, E. M., Meurs, K. P. V., Cranshaw, M., & Kuzniewicz, M. W. (2022) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02249-8 · Cited by 5
Vacas, J., Antolí, A., Sánchez-Raya, A., Dueñas, C. P., & Cuadrado, F. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00109 · Cited by 6
Alckmin-Carvalho, F., Teixeira, M. C. T. V., Brunoni, D., Strauss, V. G., & Paula, C. S. (2014) · Psico · doi:10.15448/1980-8623.2014.4.15873 · Cited by 8
Preliminary Examination of Clinical Use of the Korean Modified-Checklist of Autism in Toddlers
Kim, S., Seung, H., & Hong, G.-H. (2013) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.13017 · Cited by 5
“이러한 특징을 담고 있 는 영유아기 자폐 선별검사로 미국을 비롯한 전 세계에서 가장 널 리 사용되고 있는 선별검사가 개정판 영아기 자폐성 장애 선별검사 (The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, M-CHAT; Robins et al., 2001)이다.”
InfluentialHorovitz, M., Matson, J. L., & Barker, A. (2012) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.013 · Cited by 5
Risques développementaux chez le nourrisson de la naissance à 18 mois
Guédeney, A., Mintz, A., & Dugravier, R. (2007) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Psychiatrie · doi:10.1016/s0246-1072(07)32787-9 · Cited by 5
Copeland, L. (2012) · Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/1536710x.2012.648109 · Cited by 5
Infants and Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Early Identification and Early Intervention
Humphreys, B. P. (2010) · Journal of Early Intervention · Cited by 5
Blurring Boundaries, Continuing Change
(2016) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2016.05.001 · Cited by 5
Krzysztofik, K., & Otrębski, W. (2017) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/68856 · Cited by 6
(2006) · SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System) · Cited by 48
Metadata
- Authors
- Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-144
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2127693561
- Cited by
- 1,563
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 116 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 117
- FWCI
- 6.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Education
- University of Connecticut
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- M-CHAT, autism spectrum disorder, pervasive developmental disorders, early detection, autism screening, toddlers, cut-off values, discriminability, social relatedness, communication
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mass Screening, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results
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