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The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: An Initial Study Investigating the Early Detection of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Abstract
Autism, a severe disorder of development, is difficult to detect in very young children. However, children who receive early intervention have improved long-term prognoses. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), consisting of 23 yes/no items, was used to screen 1,293 children. Of the 58 children given a diagnostic/developmental evaluation, 39 were diagnosed with a disorder on the autism spectrum. Six items pertaining to social relatedness and communication were found to have the best discriminability between children diagnosed with and without autism/PDD. Cutoff scores were created for the best items and the total checklist. Results indicate that the M-CHAT is a promising instrument for the early detection of autism.
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“To verify ASD, students were screened for autism with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT; Robins, Fein, Barton, & Green, 2001) or the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ; Berument, Rutter, Lord, Pickles, & Bailey, 1999), depending on age. Students were then evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (Lord et al., 2000) to verify diagnosis by an evaluator with”
From Too Stressed to Teach? Teaching Quality, Student Engagement, and IEP Outcomes (2017) · cites this paper as Robins, Fein, Barton, & Green, 2001
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“The M–CHAT has been validated in two large validation studies.”
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Cites
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Dursun, O. B., Turan, B., Öğütlü, H., Binici, N. C., Örengül, A. C., Alataş, E., Özdemir, R. M., Taşlıbeyaz, E., Karaman, S., Mukaddes, N. M., et al. (2022) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2813 · Cited by 11
“Unlike the original study on M-CHAT (Robins et al., 2001), the high false positivity rate detected in the SBS studies and the differences relating to the person filling in the scale prevent this method from achieving its expected efficacy.”
ResultZhao, Y., Lu, F., Ding, R., Zhu, D., Zhang, R., Sun, S., He, P., & Zheng, X. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241290388 · Cited by 12
“The most frequently used screening instruments were the Clancy Autism Behavior Scale (CABS) (Clancy et al., 1969), the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) (Krug et al., 1980), and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) (for those aged 16–30 months) (Robins et al., 2001).”
Jin, F., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1514678 · Cited by 12
Williams, L. W., Matson, J. L., Jang, J., Beighley, J. S., Rieske, R. D., & Adams, H. L. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.03.010 · Cited by 11
Screening children with neurofibromatosis type 1 for autism spectrum disorder
Tinker, J., Carbone, P. S., Viskochil, D. H., Mathiesen, A. M., Ma, K., & Stevenson, D. A. (2014) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36549 · Cited by 11
“The M-CHAT is a 23-item caregiver completed questionnaire validated for children 16–48 months as an ASD screening tool [Robins et al., 2001; Eaves et al., 2006; Robins and Dumont-Mathieu, 2006].”
MethodIao, L., Yu, W.-H., & Wu, C. (2019) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101477 · Cited by 11
T-STAT for detecting autism spectrum disorder in toddlers aged 18–24 months
Wu, C., Chiang, C., Chu, C.-L., Iao, L., & Hou, Y. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320972300 · Cited by 11
“Toddlers who met these less stringent DSM-5 criteria were classified as having mild-ASD.”
MethodInfluentialQuantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT): A psychometric study with Serbian Toddlers
Stevanović, D. (2021) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101760 · Cited by 14
Bong, G., Kim, S. Y., Song, D., Kim, J., Hong, Y., Yoon, N., SunWoo, H.-J., Jang, J. Y., Oh, M., Kim, J. M., et al. (2021) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2510 · Cited by 11
“Therefore, parents may be more aware of the absence of comparable social behaviors, as captured by Interest in Peers, than to relatively abstract questions about social relationships of children, which can be construed differently depending on each individual’s perception of social interaction (Robins et al., 2001).”
BackgroundVui, L. T., Minh, D. D., Quỳnh, N. T., Giang, N. T. H., Thanh, V. T., Ha, B. T. T., & Minh, H. V. (2021) · Journal of Public Health Research · doi:10.4081/jphr.2021.2460 · Cited by 11
Factor Structure for Autism Spectrum Disorders with Toddlers Using DSM-IV and DSM-5 Criteria
Sipes, M., & Matson, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1919-3 · Cited by 11
Monitoring Progress using The Individual Education Plan for Students with Autism
Torana, H., Yasina, M. H. M., Chiria, F., & Tahara, M. M. (2010) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.095 · Cited by 11
Kumar, A., Juneja, M., & Mishra, D. (2016) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073815624764 · Cited by 11
Premature birth as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder: Brief report
Goldin, R. L., & Matson, J. L. (2015) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518423.2015.1044132 · Cited by 11
“[33], DSM-5 criteria algorithm for ASD and the developmental profiles from the Battelle Developmental Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-2) [34].”
MethodCederlund, M. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04012-1 · Cited by 11
Levante, A., Petrocchi, S., Massagli, A., Filograna, M. R., Giorgi, S. D., & Lecciso, F. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10020108 · Cited by 11
“The highest number of validation studies retrieved in the literature were for the M-CHAT and the M-CHAT-R/F [6,10,12–26].”
MethodMetcalfe, D., McKenzie, K., McCarty, K., & Murray, G. C. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101549 · Cited by 10
Fu, L., Weng, J., Feng, M., Xiao, X., Xiao, T., Fu, J., Qiu, N., Li, C., Da, Y., & Ke, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2020.581893 · Cited by 11
Vuattoux, D., Colomer‐Lahiguera, S., Fernandez, P.-A., Gygax, M. J., Choucair, M., Popovic, M. B., Diezi, M., Manificat, S., Latifyan, S., Ramelet, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.595734 · Cited by 11
Does the M-Chat-R Give Important Information for the Diagnosis of the Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Pop-Jordanova, N. D., & Zorčec, T. (2021) · PRILOZI · doi:10.2478/prilozi-2021-0005 · Cited by 11
The psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Social Communication Questionnaire
Karaminis, T. N., & Stavrakaki, S. (2022) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2790 · Cited by 11
“We used the R packages lavaan (Rosseel, 2012) and semTools (Jorgensen et al., 2021) with a nonlinear minimization subject to box constraints (NLMINB) optimization method and a diagonally-weighted least squares (DWLS) estimator.”
MethodSiller, M., Morgan, L., Swanson, M. R., & Hotez, E. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53715 · Cited by 11
“To date, the ASD-specific screening measure that has been adopted most widely in primary care settings is the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT; [47, 58, 59].”
MethodThe contribution of sensory–regulatory markers to the accuracy of ASD screening at 12 months
Ben‐Sasson, A., & Carter, A. S. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.03.006 · Cited by 12
Constantino, J. N., Zhang, Y., Abbacchi, A. M., Calhoun, A. J., Scofield, F. M., & Grafeman, S. J. (2012) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.2217/npy.12.28 · Cited by 11
Measuring Child Visual Attention using Markerless Head Tracking from Color and Depth Sensing Cameras
Bidwell, J., Essa, I. A., Rozga, A., & Abowd, G. D. (2014) · INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION · doi:10.1145/2663204.2663235 · Cited by 11
“Response to name probes are now widely included in standard autism screening and diagnostic assessments, such as the M-CHAT [27] and ADOS [16] where a child’s failure to respond to his or her name being called is considered an early warning sign for autism [1,14].”
BackgroundWeb-Based Exercise Interventions for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Ikezawa, N., Yoshihara, R., Kitamura, M., Osumi, A., Kanejima, Y., Ishihara, K., & Izawa, K. P. (2023) · Pediatric Reports · doi:10.3390/pediatric15010010 · Cited by 10
“Each child as diagnosed according to the ICD-10 [13], DS -5 [2], the Develop ental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) [20], the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) [21], the odified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) [22], medical observations, or medical techniques.”
MethodRanalli, N. M. G., Trufeli, S. P., Alckmin-Carvalho, F., & Teixeira, M. C. T. V. (2025) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep15040120 · Cited by 10
“The original instrument showed good indicators of internal validity ( α = 0.85), with sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.95 [39].”
InfluentialKaster, L., Hillis, E., Oh, I. Y., Aravamuthan, B. R., Lanzotti, V., Vickstrom, C. R., Wasserstein, M., Chopra, M., Sahin, M., Wangler, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-025-09612-w · Cited by 10
“Relevant surveys and assessments included the second edition of the Child Autism Rating Scale (CARS-2) [30], the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) [31], a telehealth screener, and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R) [32, 33].”
Neonatal behavior and social behavior and sensory issues in 18‐month toddlers
Tokunaga, A., Akiyama, T., Miyamura, T., Honda, S., Nakane, H., Iwanaga, R., & Tanaka, G. (2019) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1111/ped.14033 · Cited by 10
Niedźwiecka, A., & Pisula, E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19053072 · Cited by 12
“Another study, in which a different screening tool was used, the M-CHAT) [20], also found that 18-month-old boys in the general population scored higher than girls [34].”
MethodInfluentialAssociation Between Early Developmental Milestones and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Alhozyel, E., Elbedour, L., Balaum, R., Meiri, G., Michaelovski, A., Dinstein, I., Davidovitch, N., Kerub, O., & Menashe, I. (2023) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-023-01085-6 · Cited by 12
“For example, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), a questionnaire that contains 23 yes/no items that can be completed by parents of toddlers between 16 and 30 months of age, is an ASD screening tool that is widely used in various populations and in multiple languages (Albores-Gallo et al., 2012; Bad…”
MethodO’Shea, T. M., Jensen, E. T., Yi, J., Lester, B. M., Aschner, J. L., Stroustrup, A., Zhang, X., McGrath, M., Sanderson, K., Joseph, R. M., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114050 · Cited by 10
Carvalho, F. A., Paula, C. S., Teixeira, M. C. T. V., Zaqueu, L. D. C. C., & D’Antino, M. E. F. (2013) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 10
Wong, V. C., Fung, C., Lee, S. L., & Wong, P. T. Y. (2015) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-012-4294-y · Cited by 10
More Than Words: Examining Communicative Competence Through a Preschool-Age Child With Autism
DeThorne, L. S., Hengst, J. A., Valentino, H., & Russell, S. A. (2015) · Inclusion · doi:10.1352/2326-6988-3.3.176 · Cited by 12
The impact of familial autism diagnoses on autism symptomatology in infants and toddlers
Kozlowski, A. M., Matson, J. L., & Worley, J. A. (2011) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.03.015 · Cited by 10
Matson, J. L., Hess, J. A., Kozlowski, A. M., & Neal, D. (2010) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518423.2010.519759 · Cited by 10
“(ADOS-G) [28], Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) [29] and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) [30].”
MethodOffice Screening and Early Identification of Children with Autism
Soares, N. S., & Patel, D. R. (2012) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.011 · Cited by 11
“From an autism screening tool perspective, only the M-CHAT has an electronic version available at http://www.mchat.org/, which includes the latest scoring system, Best7.”
BackgroundFind the Hidden Object. Understanding Play in Psychological Assessments
Fasulo, A., Shukla, J., & Bennett, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00323 · Cited by 10
“Within a corpus of 40 children recorded doing the Bayley at two different ages (one around 12 and one around 24 months), 6 were originally selected on the basis of selected items of the MCHAT scale (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; Robins et al., 2001).”
MethodTraining Pediatricians to Implement Autism Screening Tools: a Review of the Literature
Murray, R., & Barton, E. E. (2020) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-020-00206-x · Cited by 12
“The specificity of these tools, while very good, results in less remarkable outcomes, as expected from a screening tool designed to identify risk (Robins et al. 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEAST: Early Autism Screening Tool for Preschoolers
Arshad, M. B., Sarwar, M. F., Zaidi, M. F., & Shahid, S. (2020) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376164 · Cited by 10
Barbaro, J., & Freeman, N. C. (2021) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101745 · Cited by 14
Approaches to psychiatric assessment in epidemiological studies of children: Table 1
McClellan, J., Bresnahan, M. A., Echeverria, D., Knox, S. S., & Susser, E. (2008) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2007.070789 · Cited by 10
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Pidano, A. E., Slater, C. M., Dale, L. P., Wilbur, K. L., Sandhu, P., & Honigfeld, L. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0423-8 · Cited by 10
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Rasch Analysis of the Q-CHAT in Colombian Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Gutiérrez-Ruiz, K., Delgado, A. R., & Prieto, G. (2017) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9596-6 · Cited by 9
Conine, D. E., Vollmer, T. R., Barlow, M. A., Grauerholz‐Fisher, E., Rosa, C. M. D., & Petronelli, A. K. (2020) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.737 · Cited by 10
SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Nygren, G. (2012) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 10
Shape analysis of the human brain.
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“…Interview (ADI-R, Rutter et al., 2003a) (Castro et al., 2013; Black et al., 2023 ) as well as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT, Robins et al., 2001), the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ, Rutter et al., 2003b) the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS, Scho-pler et al.,…”
Grant, R., Fléchelles, O., Elenga, N., Tressières, B., Gaëte, S., Hebert, J.-C., Schaub, B., Djossou, F., Mallard, A., Delver, L., et al. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14122755 · Cited by 9
“• Abnormal auditory examination which included otoacoustic emissions or automated auditory evoked potential assessments; • Abnormal ophthalmologic examination, which included RetCam wide-field retinal imaging (Shuttle, Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, USA) for fundus imaging and abnormalities in vitreous, choroid,…”
Teaching Children with Autism to Recognize Faces
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Burke, D. A., Koot, H. M., & Begeer, S. (2014) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.10.013 · Cited by 9
Koushik, N. S., Bacon, B., & Stancin, T. (2015) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000093 · Cited by 9
Detection of Stereotypical Motor Movements in Autism using a Smartwatch-based System.
Sarker, H., Tam, A., Foreman, M. A., Fay, N., Dhuliawala, M., & Das, A. K. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 9
Coarticulation facilitates lexical processing for toddlers with autism
Pomper, R., Weismer, S. E., Saffran, J. R., & Edwards, J. (2021) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104799 · Cited by 9
Play Behavior Differences Among Preschoolers with ADHD: Impact of Comorbid ODD and Anxiety
Pollack, B., Hojnoski, R. L., DuPaul, G. J., & Kern, L. (2015) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9497-7 · Cited by 11
The Autism Birth Cohort (ABC):a study of autism spectrum disorders in MoBa
Surén, P., Schjølberg, S., Øyen, A., Lie, K. K., Hornig, M., Bresnahan, M. A., Bakke, T., Roth, C., Alsaker, E. R., Schreuder, P., et al. (2014) · Norsk Epidemiologi · doi:10.5324/nje.v24i1-2.1757 · Cited by 10
“This publication investigated the ability of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) (43) to predict the development of ASDs in children.”
InfluentialThe Treatment Validity of Autism Screening Instruments
Livanis, A., & Mouzakitis, A. (2010) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/1534508410381041 · Cited by 10
Horovitz, M., & Matson, J. L. (2013) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518423.2013.797031 · Cited by 10
“Modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) [65] The M-CHAT is a 23-item parent-report measure that screens for ASD.”
MethodInfluentialThe Moderating Effect of Autism Symptomatology on Anxiety Symptoms
Rieske, R. D., Matson, J. L., & Davis, T. E. (2013) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-012-9330-0 · Cited by 13
“Diagnosis was based on scores obtained on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Kleinman et al. 2008; Robins et al. 2001), the DSM-IV-TR criteria (APA 2000), the developmental profiles of the Battelle Developmental Iventory-2 (BDI-2; Newborg 2005), and clinical judgment.”
MethodKonst, M. J., & Matson, J. L. (2014) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.11.009 · Cited by 9
RetractedValoración de Signos de Alarma en Autismo entre los 9 y los 16 Meses de Edad
de León, A. S., & Garrido, C. R. (2012) · Psicologí a Educativa · doi:10.5093/ed2012a15 · Cited by 9
Mathews, T. L., King, M. L., Kupzyk, K. A., & Lake, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.03.002 · Cited by 9
Existing and Proposed Child Find Initiatives in One State's Part C Program
Edwards, N. M., Gallagher, P. A., & Green, K. B. (2013) · Rural Special Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/875687051303200103 · Cited by 10
Comparison of tidos with m-chat for screening autism spectrum disorder
Topçu, S., Ulukol, B., Öner, Ö., Orhon, F. Ş., & Başkan, S. (2018) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1080/24750573.2017.1422682 · Cited by 9
“The M-CHAT was designed as a self-administered, parent questionnaire for regular paediatric visits to screen for autism in toddlers [9].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRescorla, L. A., Given, C., Glynn, S. S., Ivanova, M. Y., & Achenbach, T. M. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319839151 · Cited by 9
“On the other hand, the six items identified as critical based on DFA with 600 US children (Robins et al., 2001) are often not those with the highest base rates in ASD samples or the lowest base rates in population samples.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialToddler autism screening questionnaire: Development and potential clinical validity
Tsai, W., Soong, W., & Shyu, Y. L. (2012) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361311429694 · Cited by 9
“Furthermore, the sample of children with autism in Wong et al.’s study was much older (average age 51.3 months) than samples used in other studies (Baird et al., 2000; Robins et al., 2001; Siegel, 2004), raising the question of the instrument’s usefulness for early detection in younger children.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialFujiwara, T. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv097.002 · Cited by 9
MacArthur Competence Assessment Tools
Schaefer, L. A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_184303 · Cited by 9
Imitation in ASD: Performance on an imitation choice task
Mussey, J. L., & Klinger, L. G. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101530 · Cited by 8
Pinto, C., Duarte, J. V., Marques, C., Vicente, I. N., Paiva, C., Elói, J., Pereira, D. J., Pinto-Correia, B., Castelo-Branco, M. S., & Oliveira, G. (2023) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-022-04778-0 · Cited by 8
“Concerning children with positive score for ASD screening, M-CHAT (n = 5), four had CP or severe global psychomotor delay (GMDS global DQ or VABS total score 70), and in one child ADOS was conducted, which ruled out ASD.”
MethodInfluentialBritsch, E. R., & Iverson, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06331-4 · Cited by 9
“At 18 and 24 months, all primary caregivers completed the M-CHAT-R/F (Modified Checklist for Autism in Tod - dlers; Robins et al., 2001).”
Hegemann, L., Corfield, E. C., Askelund, A. D., Allegrini, A. G., Askeland, R. B., Ronald, A., Ask, H., Pourcain, B. S., Andreassen, O. A., Hannigan, L. J., et al. (2024) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-024-00599-0 · Cited by 8
“included items from the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) [41], Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ ) [42], Non-Verbal Communication Checklist (NVCC)[43], Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) [44], Early Screening for Autistic Traits Questionnaire (ESAT) [45], the attention and hyperactivity questi…”
MethodTwo Cohort and Three Independent Anonymous Twin Projects at the Keio Twin Research Center (KoTReC)
Ando, J., Fujisawa, K. K., Shikishima, C., Hiraishi, K., Nozaki, M., Yamagata, S., Takahashi, Y., Ozaki, K., Suzuki, K., Deno, M., et al. (2013) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2012.131 · Cited by 9
“, 2002); EES = Evaluation of Environmental Stimulation (Anme, 1997); MAI = Maternal Attachment Inventory (Müller, 1994); IBQ-R = Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003; Nakagawa & Sukigawa, 2005); MEQ = Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Horne & Östberg, 1976); M-CHAT = Modified Checklis…”
The development and validation of attention constructs from the First Year Inventory.
Stephens, R. L., Sabatos‐DeVito, M., & Reznick, J. S. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000380 · Cited by 11
Global Autism: Autism, Autism Etiology, Perceptions, Epistemology, Prevalence and Action
Ganaie, S. A., & Bashir, A. (2014) · International Journal of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis · doi:10.19070/2332-2926-140008 · Cited by 8
Carlier, S., Ducenne, L., Leys, C., Stanciu, R., Deconinck, N., Wintgens, A., Orêve, M.-J., & Delvenne, V. (2019) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.01.010 · Cited by 8
Shulman, C., Rice, C. E., Morrier, M. J., & Esler, A. (2020) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2020.08.002 · Cited by 9
A REVIEW ON AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DIAGNOSIS USING TASK-BASED FUNCTIONAL MRI
Haweel, R. T., Seada, N. A., Ghoniemy, S., & El-Baz, A. S. (2021) · International journal of intelligent computing and information sciences/International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Information Sciences · doi:10.21608/ijicis.2021.75525.1090 · Cited by 8
Galambos, Á., Petró, E., Nagy, B., Turcsán, B., & Topál, J. (2021) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105451 · Cited by 8
Buffle, P. L., & Naranjo, D. (2021) · Revista Ecuatoriana de Pediatría · doi:10.52011/113 · Cited by 8
Karabulut, B., & Şahbudak, B. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.64719/pb.4610 · Cited by 2
Mathée‐Scott, J., & Weismer, S. E. (2022) · Autism & Developmental Language Impairments · doi:10.1177/23969415221136740 · Cited by 11
Brisson, J., Serres, J., Gattegno, M. P., & Adrien, J. (2011) · Devenir · doi:10.3917/dev.111.0087 · Cited by 8
Kin as Teachers: An early childhood education and support intervention for kinship families
Littlewood, K., Strozier, A. L., & Whittington, D. (2013) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.11.026 · Cited by 8
Trastornos del espectro autista: Detección precoz, herramientas de cribado
Ruiz-Lázaro, P. M., de la Paz, M. P., & Bandera, F. H. (2009) · Pediatría Atención Primaria · doi:10.4321/s1139-76322009000700009 · Cited by 8
Autistics’ Atypical Joint Attention: Policy Implications and Empirical Nuance
Gernsbacher, M. A., Stevenson, J. L., Khandakar, S., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2008) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00041.x · Cited by 8
Head Lag in Infancy: What Is It Telling Us?
Pineda, R. G., Reynolds, L. C., Seefeldt, K., Hilton, C. L., Rogers, C. E., & Inder, T. E. (2015) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2016.017558 · Cited by 8
Carlsson, L. H., Westerlund, J., Olsson, M. B., Eriksson, M. A., Hedvall, Å., Gillberg, C., & Fernell, E. (2016) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.13418 · Cited by 8
“In Gothenburg, a language screening and modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) (11), combined with an observation schedule of joint attention (JA-OBS), have been used at child healthcare centres (CHCs) at the age of 2.5 years (12).”
MethodInfluentialTowards a Science of Checklists
Reijers, H. A., Leopold, H., & Recker, J. (2017) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2017.696 · Cited by 8
“For instance, a checklist that consists of 23 yes/no items to diagnose autism among toddlers is described in [22].”
BackgroundAutism spectrum disorders and social disabilities
Wolf, J. M., FEIN, D. A., & Akshoomoff, N. A. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511545894.009 · Cited by 8
Self-citationScreening Success in the Age of Autism
Lipkin, P. H. (2023) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5972 · Cited by 8
Iturralde, S. M., Alonso-Esteban, Y., Marín, F. A., & Young, R. L. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06413-3 · Cited by 7
“Level II: As a specific tool, the parent-reported MCHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; Robins et al., 1999, 2001) is designed as a parent assessment questionnaire for children aged 16 to 30 months.”
Wejryd, E., Marchini, G., Bang, P., Jónsson, B., Ådén, U., & Abrahamsson, T. (2025) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.70030 · Cited by 7
“…whether the child is perceived to have normal general development, assessment with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III) [16] and the autism-screening tool M-CHAT (The modified checklist for autism in toddlers) classified into a positive or negative outcome [17].”
Supporting Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Singapore
Nah, Y., Chen, M., & Poon, K. K.-L. (2021) · Intervention in School and Clinic · doi:10.1177/10534512211032911 · Cited by 7
“Koh et al. (2014) used the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT; a parent report developed in the United States) to screen for ASD in Singaporean toddlers between 18 and 48 months even though the original M-CHAT was validated for children up till 36 months old (Robins et al., 2001).”
Perceptions on Screening for Developmental Disabilities and Autism in Childcare Settings
Uzonyi, T. E., Page, J. M., DuBay, M., & Crais, E. R. (2022) · Infants & Young Children · doi:10.1097/iyc.0000000000000213 · Cited by 7
Evaluation of Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Infants With Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Shehzad, I., Raju, M. N. P., Jackson, I., Beeram, M., Govande, V. P., Chiruvolu, A., & Vora, N. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.45541 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-144
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2127693561
- Cited by
- 1,563
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 116 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 117
- FWCI
- 6.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Education
- University of Connecticut
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- M-CHAT, autism spectrum disorder, pervasive developmental disorders, early detection, autism screening, toddlers, cut-off values, discriminability, social relatedness, communication
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mass Screening, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results
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