Cited by 1,166Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingHomicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

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Measurement of Deliberate Self-Harm: Preliminary Data on the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory

Gratz, Kim L.·2001·Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

DOI 10.1023/a:1012779403943

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“[14] The Assamese‑translated version was used.”
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“Incidents of self-mutilation were measured using an altered form of the Deliberate Self- Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001), a 17-item, behaviorally-based self-report questionnaire.”
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Chapter 1 Definition, Classification, and Epidemiology
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“自伤行为的神经生理机制及共病障碍比较邓洵陈宁王单单赵欢欢贺雯 (上海师范大学教育学院，上海 200234) 摘要自伤行为是危害公众心理健康的重大隐患。综合自伤行为的新近研究成果，情绪脑区、控制脑区、疼痛脑区、奖赏脑区、阿片类系统和多巴胺系统以及特定基因的异常共同参与了自伤行为。将自伤行为与自杀、成瘾、进食障碍和抑郁障碍进行比较，发现自伤行为与其共病障碍存在部分相似的发生机制。在此基础上尝试构建了自伤行为的认知神经机制假设模型，并就自伤行为神经生理机制的性别差异、发展特点及干预等提出研究展望。关键词非自杀性自伤，神经生理机制，共病障碍 1…”
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“The data were gathered using the Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI), Forms of Self-criticism/Attacking and Self-reassuring Scale (FSCRS), Emotional Avoidance Strategy Inventory for Adolescents (EASI-A), Self-punishment Scale (SPS), Self-injury Implicit Association Test (SI-IAT), and General Health Questionnaire (GH…”
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Giordano, A. L., McKibben, W. B., Dallas, J., Hearn, L. E., Luciani-Hill, D., & Kim, I. K. (2024) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-024-09580-1 · Cited by 1
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“At T1 and T3, adolescents self-reported on seven types of NSSI behaviors, such as self-cutting, burning, severe scratching, biting, punching, head-banging, and inserting sharp objects into the skin or nails (Gratz, 2001; Zheng et al., 2023).”
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“24 The DSHI-Y is a youth-adapted version of the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, 24 with adequate construct, convergent and discriminant validity, and test–retest reliability.”
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“Nonsuicidal self-injury was assessed using seven items selected from the Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001).”
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“Two studies of nonclinical subjects also did not find gender differences (10, 15).”
Background
Indirect Self-destructive Behaviour Across the Lifespan
Hosseini, C., Walsh, J., & Brown, L. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4816-6_13 · Cited by 1
Effects of Mindfulness-based Emotion Management Training on Preventing Self-harming Behaviors in Adolescents
Lee, W. K. (2017) · doi:10.15434/kssh.2017.30.3.295 · Cited by 1
Association between hypomania and self-harm behaviors in Chinese children and adolescents with depressive symptoms
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“SH behaviors were measured using the Modified version of Adolescents Self-Harm Scale (MASHS) developed by Feng (12), adapted from the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) (13).”
Method
The Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Non-suicidal Self-injury: A Systematic Review
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“The DSHI (Gratz, 2001) self-report questionnaire consists of 17 items that assesses history of NSSI (e.g., frequency, vulnerability, and feelings/values.”
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“Demographic, clinical characteristics, and self-harm history were collected at baseline using a bespoke personal history questionnaire and the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (Gratz, 2001) so we could compare the two randomised groups.”
The effectiveness of the TaySH (Transitional Age Youth Self-Harm) Program in the management of Non-Suicidal Self-Harm (NSSI) in outpatient adolescents and young adults: A non-randomized controlled pilot study
Calvo, N., Amoretti, S., Lugo-Marín, J., Oriol, M., Perez, C., Ramos-Quiroga, J., & Ferrer, M. (2025) · European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100288 · Cited by 1
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Goodrich, M., Halverson, T. F., Aho, N. A., Patel, T. A., Mann, A. J., Calhoun, P. S., Beckham, J. C., & Kimbrel, N. A. (2025) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.70013 · Cited by 1
Peran Self Criticism sebagai Mediator antara Dating Violence dengan Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Muliana, R. T., & Rizki, B. M. (2025) · INSAN Jurnal Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental · doi:10.20473/jpkm.v10i12025.82-101 · Cited by 1
Core competency model self-directed violence prevention training program for corrections: a hybrid feasibility-effectiveness trial
Prowten, S. D., Cacace, S. C., Bowling, J., Peters, A., Corral, A. R., Bowman, M. A., Peiper, L. J., & Cramer, R. J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23853-3 · Cited by 2
“[38]) risk assessment tools.”
Assessment of Suicidal and Non-suicidal Self-injury in Anxiety Disorders
Andover, M. S., Morris, B. W., Schatten, H. T., & Kelly, C. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6452-5_9 · Cited by 1
The Development of the Self-Injury Self-Report Measure.
Coney, S. L. (2007) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) · Cited by 1
Analiza zależności samookaleczeń i tatuowania w grupie osób prezentujących obie cechy
Jasek, A., Kostulski, A., & Gmitrowicz, A. (2011) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · Cited by 1
EXPLORING THE PHENOMENON OF SELF-MUTILATION AMONG ADULT MALES IN A CORRECTIONAL SETTING: A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INQUIRY
Morales, Y. M. (2013) · UNM’s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico) · Cited by 1
The co-occurrence of nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injurious acts in adult women: A pilot study of similarities and differences
Tapola, V., Wahlström, J., Kuittinen, M., & Lappalainen, R. I. (2015) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2014.997784 · Cited by 1
“Many authors report NSSI to be more common in young women than in young men (Cheng et al., 2010; Gratz, 2001), unlike SSI and completed suicide (Ougrin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Analysis of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Trends
Emelianchik‐Key, K., Byrd, R., & Guardia, A. C. L. (2016) · The Professional Counselor · doi:10.15241/kk.6.1.61 · Cited by 1
“Some research proposes that males are just as likely as females to self-injure and perhaps go about it differently or are more secretive (Gratz, 2001).”
Background
The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy-based skills training in a traditional high school setting
Oros, E. A. (2016) · Cited by 1
Callous-unemotional traits, borderline personality, and self-injury in gothic subculture
Tassi, F., Ciucci, E., Baroncelli, A., & Batani, A. (2017) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2017.1320279 · Cited by 1
“A list of 17 non-suicidal self-injury behaviours was derived from Gratz (2001) (e.g., ‘Have you ever intentionally [i.e., on purpose] cut your wrist, arms, or other area(s) of your body [without intending to kill yourself?]’”
Method
An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism on Implicit Associations with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
Nagy, L. M. (2017) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2017.418 · Cited by 1
“Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), or the intentional destruction of bodily tissue in the absence of suicidal motives, is a serious and prevalent health concern with studies finding that up to 35% of undergraduate students have self-injured at least once in their lifetimes (Gratz, 2001; Ross & Heath, 2002).”
Background
Addiction and Self-Injury
Eliseo‐Arras, R. K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72778-3_6 · Cited by 1
Self-harm - an overview of the tools used to assess non-suicidal self-harming behaviors
Drzał, E., Makarewicz, A., Walczak, M., Walczak, A., Futyma-Jędrzejewska, M., Kozak, G., Frończuk, P., & Karakuła‐Juchnowicz, H. (2017) · Current Problems of Psychiatry · doi:10.1515/cpp-2017-0027 · Cited by 1
“DSHI została wykorzystana w wielu badaniach m. in.: “Risk factors for deliberate self-harm among female college students: The role and interaction of childhood maltreatment, emotional inexpressivity, and affect intensity/ reactivity” [47], “Targeting emotion dysregulation in the treatment of selfinjury” [48], “The rol…”
Influential
Suicyde and Internet addiction - psychological perspective
Stradomska, M. W. (2019) · Zeszyty Naukowe/Scientific Journal/Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0013.2657 · Cited by 1
The risk-benefit ratio of studying psychiatric symptoms via daily diary methods
Wolford‐Clevenger, C., Hugley, M. J., McNulty, J. K., Elledge, L. C., Cropsey, K. L., & Stuart, G. L. (2019) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2019.1694913 · Cited by 1
“Nonsuicidal self-injury was assessed using the 15-item Deliberate SelfHarm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz 2001), a questionnaire that assesses deliberate injury of body tissue without intent to die.”
BackgroundMethod
LessStress - how to reduce stress in school: evaluation of a universal stress prevention in schools: study protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Scheiner, C., Daunke, A., Seidel, A., Mittermeier, S., Romanos, M., Kölch, M. G., & Buerger, A. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06970-x · Cited by 1
“Protocol version 1, 04 November 2021 Start recruitment: 1 October 2022 Approximate date when recruitment will be completed: July 2023 Abbreviations CD-RISC 10 Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale DERS-SF Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Short Form DMC Data Monitoring Committee DSHI-9 Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory 9-ite…”
BackgroundInfluential
A feasibility study of the transdiagnostic self-injury interview
Kjær, J. N., Holm, T., Ellegaard, T., Madsen, S., Lorentzen, E. A., Christensen, A. B., Bliksted, V., Mors, O. N., & Dolmer, S. (2023) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2023.2192212 · Cited by 1
“DSHI is a validated questionnaire evaluating lifetime presence of 16 methods of self-injury and a category for other methods [3].”
Method
An exploratory study of deliberate self-harm in a South African student population
Rooyen, C. V. (2013) · UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) · Cited by 1
The Effects of Self Harming Behaviours of Youth in Child Welfare Care
Cheung, C., & Goodman, D. (2020) · First Peoples Child & Family Review An Interdisciplinary Journal Honouring the Voices Perspectives and Knowledges of First Peoples · doi:10.7202/1069460ar · Cited by 1
“that self harm appears to be increasing (Favazza, 1992; Gratz, 2001; Rodham, Hawton, & Evans, 2004) where between 15%-35% of sampled adolescents self-identify as having engaged in some form of selfharming behaviours (Gratz, 2006; Laye-Gindhu & Schonert-Reichi, 2005).”
Background
Self-Injurious Behavior
Dombrowski, S. C., Gischlar, K. L., & Mrázik, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9970-2_11 · Cited by 1
Deliberate Self‐Harm: Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury and Suicide in Children and Adolescents
Yearwood, E. L., & Bosnick, E. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118704660.ch10 · Cited by 1
Improving the Management of Self-Harm in Psychiatry
Kool-Goudzwaard, N. (2015) · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) · Cited by 1
ATTACHMENT STYLE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR SUICIDE-RELATED BEHAVIORS IN YOUTH
Venta, A. C. (2012) · Cited by 1
Ett liv värt att leva: före detta patienters upplevelse av förändring efter DBT inom BUP
Jimson, J., & Lindahl, A. K. (2013) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University) · Cited by 1
The role of acquired capability as a differentially-specific risk factor for disordered eating and problematic alcohol use in female college students: A measure development and validation study
Labouliere, C. D. (2013) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 1
The Role of Unmet Needs in Self-Harming Behaviours
Patterson, A. A. (2015) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 1
Cutting Knowledge: The Pathologization of Self-Injury in Correctional Discourse
Rotenberg, C. (2014) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2014-10126 · Cited by 32
“14 Rodham, Evans, & Weatherall, 2002), and between 11% and 38% reported in North American research that studied high school populations and university student samples (Favazza, DeRosear, & Conterio, 1989; Goldstien, Flett, Wekerle, & Wall, 2009; Gratz, 2001; Heath, Toste, Nedecheva, & Charlebois, 2008; Laye-Gindhu & S…”
Nonsuicidal self-injury and emotion regulation : clinical correlates and novel treatments
Bjureberg, J. (2018) · Figshare · Cited by 1
Reading between the lines: The stories of young adults experience with the onset and persistence of self-harm behaviour
York, M. L. (2014) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3r695 · Cited by 1
General and Specific Avoidance Coping:The Development and Validation of a New Scale.
Stemmet, L. J. (2013) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/8444 · Cited by 1
The Functions of Self-harm: A Q-methodology study
O'Shea, R. (2019) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 1
An Experimental Investigation of How Peer Criticism and Praise Affect Urges for Self-Injury
Haliczer, L. A. (2021) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/17887393 · Cited by 1
“Participants were asked to complete the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001) at baseline.”
MethodInfluential
Emotion and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Kittila, A. K. (2013) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/3883 · Cited by 1
Untitled work
(2013) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · Cited by 6

Authors: Gratz, K. L.
Affiliations: University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
Corresponding author: Gratz, Kim L.
ORCID: Gratz, Kim L.
Venue: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-12
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Pages: 253-263
ISSN: 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
0882-2689
1573-3505
DOI: 10.1023/a:1012779403943
OpenAlex: W2167019091
Cited by: 1,166
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 64 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 76
FWCI: 2.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Keywords: self-harm, psychometric validation, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity

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