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Measurement of Deliberate Self-Harm: Preliminary Data on the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory
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“The inventory has been shown to have high internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability in an undergraduate sample [38].”
In the citing paper
“The primary outcome measure was the total frequency of DSH measured by DSHI, a self-report measure with adequate test–retest reliability and construct, discriminant and convergent validity.1”
From Emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm: A multi-site evaluation in routine care using an uncontrolled open trial design (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
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“That is, since all of the participants in this study were college students, the validity of the DSHI for a clinical population has yet to be determined (see Haynes et al., 1995 ).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialIntroduction to Psychological Measurement
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Beyond the tower of Babel: A nomenclature for suicidology
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Risk factors for deliberate self-harm among college students.
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Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Harm in the German General Population
Müller, A., Claes, L., Smits, D., Brähler, E., & de Zwaan, M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157928 · Cited by 63
Tull, M. T., Schulzinger, D., Schmidt, N. B., Zvolensky, M. J., & Lejuez, C. W. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445506297020 · Cited by 61
Morally injurious experiences and mental health: The moderating role of self-compassion.
Forkus, S. R., Breines, J. G., & Weiss, N. H. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000446 · Cited by 64
Arens, A. M., Gaher, R. M., & Simons, J. S. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01165.x · Cited by 72
Federici, A., & Wisniewski, L. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22112 · Cited by 62
Body Attitudes and Objectification in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Comparing Males and Females
Nelson, E. A., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2012) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2012.640578 · Cited by 62
“The Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001) consists of items that ask participants whether or not they have engaged in one of 17 different self-injurious behaviors on purpose, without intent to die.”
MethodInfluentialRen, Y., Lin, M., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, J. Y., Hu, W., Xu, S., & You, J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22587 · Cited by 65
Resisting Urges to Self-Injure
Klonsky, E. D., & Glenn, C. R. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465808004128 · Cited by 62
“Most self-injurers report having used multiple methods (Gratz, 2001; Herpetz, 1995; Whitlock et al., 2006).”
MethodDeliberate Self-Harm, Substance Use, and Negative Affect in Nonclinical Samples: A Systematic Review
Moller, C. I., Tait, R. J., & Byrne, D. G. (2013) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2012.693462 · Cited by 61
“The DSHI is a validated instrument that has demonstrated high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability, and is significantly correlated with single-item measures of self-harm (17).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNon‐suicidal self‐injury: The contribution of general personality functioning
Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N., Lengel, G. J., & Grant, D. M. (2012) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1211 · Cited by 61
“92) and support for convergent and discriminant validity (Gratz, 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-injurious behaviors in posttraumatic stress disorder: An examination of potential moderators
Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.033 · Cited by 59
“The Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001) is a 17-item self-report questionnaire that assesses lifetime history of various aspects of DSH (defined as the deliberate, direct destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent), including frequency, duration, and type of DSH behavior (e.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationSelf-mutilative behaviors in male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Sacks, M. B., Flood, A. M., Dennis, M. F., Hertzberg, M. A., & Beckham, J. C. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.05.001 · Cited by 64
“…73 BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE Throughout the course of the current study self-mutilative behaviors (SMB) will be defined as the direct and deliberate destruction or alteration of one’s own body tissue without suicidal intent (Gratz, 2001; Nock & Prinstein, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialGoldstein, A. L., Flett, G. L., Wekerle, C., & Wall, A.-M. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0014847 · Cited by 59
Ougrin, D., Zundel, T., Kyriakopoulos, M., Banarsee, R., Stahl, D. R., & Taylor, E. A. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0025043 · Cited by 64
Burke, T. A., Hamilton, J. L., Cohen, J. N., Stange, J. P., & Alloy, L. B. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.10.008 · Cited by 65
“Non-suicidal self-injury The Deliberate Self Harm Inventory (DSHI; [19]) assesses the frequency,medical severity, andmethods ofNSSI behaviors (e.”
BackgroundInfluentialGhinea, D., Koenig, J., Parzer, P., Brunner, R. M., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., Sarchiapone, M., Wasserman, D., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.010 · Cited by 59
Horváth, L. O., Győri, D., Komáromy, D., Mészáros, G., Szentiványi, D., & Balázs, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00370 · Cited by 61
“The DSHI is a behaviorally based, self-administered questionnaire that assesses 16 different methods of NSSI (cutting; burning with cigarette; burning with lighter or match; carving words into skin; carving pictures into skin; severe scratching; biting; rubbing sandpaper on skin; dripping acid on skin; using bleach or…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBjureberg, J., Ojala, O., Hesser, H., Häbel, H., Sahlin, H., Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Claesdotter Knutsson, E., Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Ljótsson, B., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.22069 · Cited by 59
Balázs, J., Győri, D., Horváth, L. O., Mészáros, G., & Szentiványi, D. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1620-3 · Cited by 69
“self injure use more than one method [44].”
MethodInfluentialBailey, E., Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Robinson, J., D’Alfonso, S., Nedeljkovic, M., Davey, C. G., Bendall, S., Gilbertson, T., Phillips, J., Bloom, L., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072435 · Cited by 58
“The DSHI assesses the incidence of 16 different self-harm behaviours, as well as any other self-harm behaviour not asked about.”
MethodDoes unstable mood increase risk of suicide? Theory, research and practice
Palmier-Claus, J. E., Taylor, P. J., Varese, F., & Pratt, D. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.030 · Cited by 57
“However, there is also conflicting evidence, which suggests that attempts to avoid or block out aversive affect are associated with higher suicide risk (Gratz, 2001; Virkkunen, 1976).”
BackgroundFunctions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Late Adolescence: A Latent Class Analysis
Case, J. A. C., Burke, T. A., Siegel, D. M., Piccirillo, M. L., Alloy, L. B., & Olino, T. M. (2019) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2019.1586607 · Cited by 57
“The Deliberate Self Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001) was administered to assess methods of NSSI behaviors, lifetime and last year frequency of NSSI, and scarring resulting from engagement in NSSI.”
BackgroundMethodRojas‐Velasquez, D., Pluhar, E., Burns, P., & Burton, E. T. (2020) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01147-x · Cited by 62
“Studies included in this review used various means to capture methods of self-injury, such as clinical interview, open-ended questions, and measures such as the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (Gratz 2001), the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory—Youth Version (Gratz 2009), the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (Lloy…”
MethodWang, Y., Luo, B., Hong, B., Yang, M., Zhao, L., & Jia, P. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.124 · Cited by 58
Suicide capability within the ideation-to-action framework: A systematic scoping review
Bayliss, L. T., Christensen, S. A., Lamont‐Mills, A., & du Plessis, C. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276070 · Cited by 66
Nonsuicidal self‐injury in an ethnically diverse college sample.
Kuentzel, J. G., Arble, E. P., Boutros, N. N., Chugani, D. C., & Barnett, D. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01167.x · Cited by 70
Measuring self-harm in adults: A systematic review
Borschmann, R., Hogg, J., Phillips, R., & Moran, P. (2011) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.04.005 · Cited by 57
“Additionally, low item-total correlations were reported for four of the 17 behaviours [17] and two of the 17 behaviours were not endorsed by any participants in the validation study, yet these behaviours were not omitted from the final instrument.”
MethodMcCloskey, M. S., Look, A. E., Chen, E. Y., Pajoumand, G., & Berman, M. E. (2012) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2012.00082.x · Cited by 67
Kaess, M., Eppelmann, L., Brunner, R. M., Parzer, P., Resch, F., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Hoven, C. W., Apter, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.018 · Cited by 57
Relating mindfulness and self-control to harm to the self and to others
Yusainy, C., & Lawrence, C. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.015 · Cited by 67
Selbstverletzendes Verhalten im Jugendalter
Plener, P. L., Brunner, R. M., Resch, F., Fegert, J. M., & Libal, G. (2010) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917.a000015 · Cited by 55
Rates of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Exposure
Muehlenkamp, J. J., Hoff, E. R., Licht, J.-G. J., Azure, J. A., & Hasenzahl, S. J. (2008) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-008-9036-8 · Cited by 56
“There is concern that rates of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI; an intentional act resulting in immediate tissue damage without suicidal intent often performed to reduce emotional distress, Walsh 2006) are increasing among adolescents (Hawton et al. 2000 ;O ’Laughlin and Sherwood 2005) and college students, where preva…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLiu, J., Gao, Y., Liang, C., & Liu, X. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00077 · Cited by 55
“Nonsuicidal self-injury was measured using a shortened and modified version of the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) developed and validated by Gratz (2001).”
MethodPoor Sleep as a Risk Factor for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescent Girls
Lundh, L., Bjärehed, J., & Wångby‐Lundh, M. (2012) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9307-4 · Cited by 58
Anestis, M. D., Gratz, K. L., Bagge, C. L., & Tull, M. T. (2012) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.04.004 · Cited by 55
“Self-report measures The Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; [40]) is a 17item self-report questionnaire that asks subjects whether and how often they have engaged in a variety of DSH behaviors “intentionally (ie, on purpose).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationAttempted Suicide, Self‐Harm, and Violent Victimization among Regular Illicit Drug Users
Darke, S. G., Torok, M. H., Kaye, S. S., & Ross, J. E. (2010) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2010.40.6.587 · Cited by 56
Delker, B. C., & Freyd, J. J. (2014) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21959 · Cited by 65
Emergency Department Screening for Suicide and Mental Health Risk
Babeva, K. N., Hughes, J. L., & Asarnow, J. R. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0738-6 · Cited by 58
Tilton‐Weaver, L. C., Marshall, S. K., & Svensson, Y. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.07.013 · Cited by 61
Wang, Q., Wang, H., & Liu, X. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.112 · Cited by 58
Body Regard as a Moderator of the Relation between Emotion Dysregulation and Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury
Muehlenkamp, J. J., Bagge, C. L., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2013) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12032 · Cited by 60
Self-citationNon-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in a New Zealand birth cohort
Coppersmith, D. D. L., Nada‐Raja, S., & Beautrais, A. L. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.029 · Cited by 59
“All of these behaviors are included in the Deliberate Self-Harm Interview (Gratz, 2001), a measure with strong psychometric properties that has been used in several studies of NSSI D.”
Lin, M.-P., You, J.-N., Wu, Y.-W., & Jiang, Y.-Q. (2018) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12382 · Cited by 49
“In the current study, NSSI was assessed by 12 items that were selected from the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001).”
MethodMeasurement of Perceived Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury for Chinese Adolescents
Leong, C. H., Wu, A. M. S., & Poon, M. M.-Y. (2014) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.824828 · Cited by 53
“Keywords adolescents, Chinese, measurement, non-suicidal self-injury, validation Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as deliberate ‘‘destruction to body tissue without conscious suicidal intent’’ and which is not culturally and socially sanctioned (Gratz, 2001, p. 253).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIslam, M. A., Steiger, H., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Israël, M., Granero, R., Agüera, Z., Castro, R. T. A., Sánchez, I., Riesco, N., Menchón, J. M., et al. (2015) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2374 · Cited by 53
Turner, B. J., Yiu, A., Layden, B. K., Claes, L., Zaitsoff, S. L., & Chapman, A. L. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.09.002 · Cited by 53
Bracken, K. L., & McDevitt‐Murphy, M. E. (2013) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.809040 · Cited by 53
“…have queried about a wide range of NSSI methods and also allowed respondents to describe other behaviors they engaged in as forms of NSSI, thereby collecting data on a more comprehensive set of behaviors than other studies (Andover, Primack, Gibb et al., 2010; Gratz, 2001; Klonsky & Glenn, 2009).”
ResultTurner, B. J., Wakefield, M. A., Gratz, K. L., & Chapman, A. L. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.07.001 · Cited by 66
“, 1996), Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorde rs (DIPD-IV; Zanarini, Frankenburg, Chauncey, & Gunderson, 1987), and Deliberate Self-H arm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001) were”
MethodSelf-citationThe Mediating Role of Self-Criticism in the Relationship between Parental Expressed Emotion and NSSI
Ammerman, B. A., & Brown, S. A. (2016) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9516-1 · Cited by 52
“Self-InjuryNSSI was assessed with the Deliberate Self Harm Inventory (Gratz 2001) which queries about the number of times a participant engaged in 17 self-harming behaviors (e.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialClinical assessment of non‐suicidal self‐injury: A systematic review of instruments
Faura‐García, J., Orue, I., & Calvete, E. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2537 · Cited by 61
Experiencing and Resisting Nonsuicidal Self‐injury Thoughts and Urges in Everyday Life
Turner, B. J., Baglole, J. S., Chapman, A. L., & Gratz, K. L. (2019) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12510 · Cited by 57
Self-citationNonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Self-Injury: A Taxometric Investigation.
Orlando, C. M., Broman-Fulks, J. J., Whitlock, J., Curtin, L., & Michael, K. D. (2015) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.01.002 · Cited by 53
Vaughn, M. G., Salas‐Wright, C. P., DeLisi, M., & Larson, M. J. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.041 · Cited by 51
“Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is the intentional act of harming oneself typically by means of cutting, scratching, or burning the flesh (Winchel and Stanley, 1991; Gratz, 2001).”
BackgroundBornovalova, M. A., Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Levy, R., & Lejuez, C. W. (2011) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0021579 · Cited by 56
Self-citationFlett, G. L., Goldstein, A. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Wekerle, C. (2012) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-012-9130-9 · Cited by 49
“Scores on this instrument are linked with single-item measures of self-harm (Gratz 2001).”
MethodFraser, G., Wilson, M., Garisch, J. A., Robinson, K., Brocklesby, M., Kingi, T., O’Connell, A., & Russell, L. (2017) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2017.1358224 · Cited by 51
“The DSHI has previously showed good internal consistency (α = .82, Gratz, 2001) and been validated for use in adolescent samples (Lundh et al., 2007).”
MethodWhat is the relationship between rejection and self-harm or suicidality in adulthood?
Cawley, R., Pontin, E. E., Touhey, J., Sheehy, K., & Taylor, P. J. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.082 · Cited by 66
Gao, Y., Wang, H., Liu, X., Xiong, Y., & Wei, M. (2020) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2954 · Cited by 54
Sahlin, H., Bjureberg, J., Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Bjärehed, J., Jokinen, J., Lundh, L.-G., Ljótsson, B., & Hellner, C. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016220 · Cited by 50
“and convergent validity.(1) DSHI specifies 16 different types of DSH (eg, cutting, burning or hitting oneself).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGRATZ, K. L., LACROCE, D. M., & GUNDERSON, J. G. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/00131746-200605000-00004 · Cited by 50
Self-citationMidkiff, M. F., Lindsey, C. R., & Meadows, E. A. (2018) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2018.1520437 · Cited by 68
“For young adults, who consistently have the highest rates of NSSI, lifetime prevalence ranges from 12 to 38% (Armiento, Hamza, & Willoughby, 2014; Gratz, 2001; Heath, Toste, Nedecheva, & Charlebois, 2008).”
BackgroundBehavioral functions underlying NSSI and eating disorder behaviors
Muehlenkamp, J. J., Suzuki, T., Brausch, A. M., & Peyerl, N. L. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22745 · Cited by 53
Barzilay, S., Apter, A., Snir, A., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., Sarchiapone, M., Hadlaczky, G., Balázs, J., Keresztény, Á., Brunner, R. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13119 · Cited by 54
Ying, J., You, J., Liu, S., & Wu, R. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104992 · Cited by 55
Arbuthnott, A. E., Lewis, S. P., & Bailey, H. N. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22115 · Cited by 58
Turner, B. J., Yiu, A., Claes, L., Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Chapman, A. L. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.012 · Cited by 56
Chen, W., & Chun, C.-C. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16183361 · Cited by 53
“Internal consistency for the DSHI in the present sample was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.86).”
BackgroundInfluentialSuicidality and Self-Harm Among Sexual Minorities in Japan
DiStefano, A. S. (2008) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732308322605 · Cited by 53
The Workplace Interpersonal Conflict Scale: An Alternative in Conflict Assessment
Wright, R. R., Nixon, A. E., Peterson, Z. B., Thompson, S. V., Olson, R., Martin, S., & Marrott, D. (2017) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn22.3.163 · Cited by 60
Maloney, E. A., Degenhardt, L. J., Darke, S. G., & Nelson, E. C. (2010) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2010.40.1.50 · Cited by 47
Knorr, A. C., Tull, M. T., Anestis, M. D., Dixon–Gordon, K. L., Bennett, M. F., & Gratz, K. L. (2016) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2016.1158679 · Cited by 47
“History of NSSI was assessed using the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001), a 17-item questionnaire that assesses lifetime history of various aspects of NSSI, including frequency, duration, and type of DSH behavior (including cutting, burning, carving, bone-breaking, biting, and…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationPeterson, A. L., Chen, J. I., Karver, M. S., & Labouliere, C. D. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.014 · Cited by 51
“Frequency of different types of NSSI behavior (DSHI)1 and levels of different emotion regulation difficulties (DERS) were used to characterize classes.”
BackgroundInfluentialMiller, A. B., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Glenn, C. R., Turner, B. J., Chapman, A. L., Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13072 · Cited by 57
“Inclusion/exclusion criteria were assessed via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) (First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1997) and the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (Gratz, 2001).”
Interactive role of depression, distress tolerance and negative urgency on non‐suicidal self‐injury
Peterson, C. M., Becker, K. R., & Fischer, S. F. (2014) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1256 · Cited by 53
“Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory—Short Form (Gratz, 2001).”
BackgroundTaylor, M. R., Boden, J. M., & Rucklidge, J. J. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-014-0139-9 · Cited by 47
“Self-harm behaviours were assessed with the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz 2001), which was administered to all participants.”
MethodThresholds and Tolerance of Physical Pain Among Young Adults Who Self‐Injure
McCoy, K., Fremouw, W. J., & McNeil, D. W. (2010) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2010/326507 · Cited by 47
“Gratz (25) found that the DSHI had sufficient test-retest reliability over a two- to four-week period (0.68) with regard to discriminating between participants who engaged in NSSI and those who did not.”
BackgroundInfluentialGibson, J., Booth, R., Davenport, J., Keogh, K., & Owens, T. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.06.007 · Cited by 46
“Good psychometric data has been reported (Fliege, Lee, Grimm, & Klapp, 2009; Gratz, 2001).”
MethodNonsuicidal Self-Injury and Perfectionism: A Systematic Review
Győri, D., & Balázs, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.691147 · Cited by 51
“The majority of individuals who engaged in NSSI use more than one methods (17).”
BackgroundNon-suicidal Self-Injury and Eating Disorders: Dimensions of Self-Harm
Claes, L., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40107-7_1 · Cited by 50
Grit and Perseverance in Suicidal Behavior and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
Anestis, M. D., & Selby, E. A. (2015) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.946629 · Cited by 46
“Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses an individual’s lifetime history of NSSI.”
BackgroundPrevalence and Risk-Markers of Self-Harm in Autistic Children and Adults
Licence, L., Oliver, C., Moss, J., & Richards, C. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04260-1 · Cited by 45
Assavedo, B. L., & Anestis, M. D. (2015) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9508-8 · Cited by 47
“The Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz 2001) was utilized to measure frequency of NSSI.”
BackgroundMethodThe Physical Results of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Bachtelle, S. E., & Pepper, C. M. (2015) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000398 · Cited by 44
“Others have specifically defined NSSI as the deliberate direct destruction or alteration of body tissue resulting in visible injuries severe enough for resulting tissue damage or scarring (Gratz, 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialValidity of the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire with Diverse Adolescents
Muehlenkamp, J. J., Cowles, M. L., & Gutierrez, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9131-7 · Cited by 44
“Numerous assessment tools are available to researchers and clinicians to gather information about an individual’s risk for suicidal behavior (see Goldston 2003; Range 2005; Range and Knott 1997 for reviews), but only a handful of scales exist to measure NSSI specifically (see Gratz 2001; Linehan et al. 2006; Lloyd et…”
BackgroundLong, M., Manktelow, R., & Tracey, A. (2014) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732314554092 · Cited by 43
“Evidence suggests that self-cutting is the most commonly reported method of self-injury in studies that focus on community populations (Hawton & Harriss, 2008; Hawton, Harriss, & Rodham, 2010) and that many people who self-injure use more than one method (Gratz, 2001).”
MethodResultInfluentialPsychometric analysis of the Self-Harm Inventory using Rasch modelling
Latimer, S., Covic, T., Cumming, S., & Tennant, A. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-53 · Cited by 46
“Lundh L-G, Karim J, Quilisch EVA: Deliberate self-harm in 15- year-old adolescents: a pilot study with a modified version of the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory.”
Hielscher, E., Whitford, T. J., Scott, J. G., & Zopf, R. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.007 · Cited by 44
Self-stigma toward nonsuicidal self-injury: An examination of implicit and explicit attitudes
Piccirillo, M., Burke, T. A., Moore-Berg, S. L., Alloy, L., & Heimberg, R. (2020) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12640 · Cited by 38
Burke, T. A., Fox, K. R., Kautz, M. M., Rodriguez-Seijas, C. A., Bettis, A. H., & Alloy, L. B. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.08.006 · Cited by 48
Lee, J., Kim, H., Kim, S., Kim, J., Shin, I., & Kim, S. (2021) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13115 · Cited by 47
“We used the Korean version of the DSHI (Seo, 2014); our analysis showed that its internal consistency was adequate (α = .74).”
MethodInfluentialBurke, T. A., Fox, K. R., Kautz, M. M., Siegel, D. M., Kleiman, E. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103775 · Cited by 43
Self-harm behavior among individuals with intermittent explosive disorder and personality disorders
Jenkins, A. L., McCloskey, M. S., Kulper, D. A., Berman, M. E., & Coccaro, E. F. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.013 · Cited by 43
“Between 2% and 9% of people in the U.S. attempt suicide at some point in their lives and 4e38% engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI; Briere and Gill, 1998; Gratz, 2001; Kessler, Borges, & Walters, 1999; Klonsky, 2011; Nock et al., 2008; Whitlock et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMethodSuicide risk characteristics among aborted, interrupted, and actual suicide attempters
Burke, T. A., Hamilton, J. L., Ammerman, B. A., Stange, J. P., & Alloy, L. B. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.051 · Cited by 52
“The Deliberate Self Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001) is a self-report questionnaire that measures the frequency and methods of NSSI behaviors (e.g., cutting, carving, burning, biting, head-banging).”
MethodFactors associated with different smoking status in European adolescents: results of the SEYLE study
Banzer, R., Häring, C., Buchheim, A., Oehler, S., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Kaess, M., Apter, A., Balázs, J., Bobes, J., et al. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0980-4 · Cited by 43
“[67] that originated from the original 17-item DSHI by Gratz [68].”
MethodWall/Object Punching: An Important but Under‐Recognized Form of Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury
Kimbrel, N. A., Thomas, S. P., Hicks, T. A., Hertzberg, M. A., Clancy, C. P., Elbogen, E. B., Meyer, E. C., DeBeer, B. B., Gross, G. M., Silvia, P. J., et al. (2017) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12371 · Cited by 44
“For example, in our 2015 study of NSSI among 151 non‐treatment‐seeking Iraq/Afghanistan‐era veterans, we found that 14% (n = 21) of veterans reported a history of NSSI on the Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001).”
InfluentialSelf-citationKnorr, A. C., Ammerman, B. A., Hamilton, A. J., & McCloskey, M. S. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.067 · Cited by 43
Treharne, G. J., Riggs, D. W., Ellis, S. J., Flett, J. A. M., & Bartholomaeus, C. (2020) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2020.1795959 · Cited by 51
Body image as a predictor of nonsuicidal self-injury in women: A longitudinal study
Black, E. B., Garratt, M., Beccaria, G., Mildred, H., & Kwan, M. (2019) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.11.010 · Cited by 42
“Participants completed a demographics section, along with the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory DSHI [42] and BULImia Test Revised (BULIT-R; [43]).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNonsuicidal Self-Injury: Management on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit
Timberlake, L. M., Beeber, L. S., & HUBBARD, G. B. (2019) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390319878878 · Cited by 43
“In their study comparing several commonly used self-harm scales, they advocated for the use of three scales to measure NSSI—the Deliberate SelfHarm Inventory (Gratz, 2001), The Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (Nock, Holmberg, Photos, & Michel, 2007) and Self-Injury Questionnaire Treatment Related (Clae…”
MethodGuo, J., Gao, Q., Wu, R., Ying, J., & You, J. (2021) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1922109 · Cited by 46
“Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001), and were found to be relatively”
BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Gratz, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gratz, Kim L.
- ORCID
- Gratz, Kim L.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 253-263
- ISSN
- 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
- 0882-2689
- 1573-3505
- OpenAlex
- W2167019091
- Cited by
- 1,166
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 76
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- self-harm, psychometric validation, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity
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