The DOI matches its Crossref record; 112 of the 117 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Will Money Increase Subjective Well-Being?
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Most of this work has revealed a small, but discernible, relationship between income and well-being (for reviews, see Clark, Frijters, & Shields, 2008; Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Diener & Oishi, 2000).”
From How your bank balance buys happiness: The importance of “cash on hand” to life satisfaction. (2016) · cites this paper as Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002
In the citing paper
“These studies show that people with larger incomes tend to report greater evaluative well-being (1–10).”
From Experienced well-being rises with income, even above $75,000 per year (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 · Cited by 12,910
Self-citationDiener, E. (1984) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2 · Cited by 12,502
Self-citationDiener, E. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542 · Cited by 11,023
Self-citationФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Р., Н. М., & Ю., Б. С. (2026) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka) · doi:10.60797/irj.2026.170.43 · Cited by 7,969
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1984) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.4.341 · Cited by 6,544
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (2013) · World Scientific handbook in financial economic series · doi:10.1142/9789814417358_0016 · Cited by 5,379
The Structure of Psychological Well-Being.
Mechanic, D., & Bradburn, N. M. (1970) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093340 · Cited by 4,925
Social Indicators of Well-Being
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2253-5 · Cited by 4,911
Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence
EASTERLIN, R. A. (1974) · Nations and Households in Economic Growth · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-205050-3.50008-7 · Cited by 4,474
The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1988
Summers, R., & Heston, A. (1991) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2937941 · Cited by 3,429
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 117 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 22
- Ahuvia, A.C. and N. Wong: in press, 'The development of personality and values based materialisms', Journal of Consumer Psychology.
- Aristotle: 1969, The Nichomachean Ethics, translated by Robert Williams (Longmans, Green, London).
- Black, D.: 1976, The Behavior of Law (Academic Press, New York).
- Brant, M., B. Stone, N. Joseph, T.T. Gegax A. Underwood, A. Arora and A. Davis: 1999, 'They're rich and you're not', Newsweek, July 5, vol. 134, pp. 36-43.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M.: 1997, Finding Flow (Basic Books, New York).
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. and B. Schneider: in press, Becoming Adults: How Teenagers Prepare for Work (Basic Books, New York).
- Dow, G.K. and F.T. Juster: 1985, 'Goods, time, and well-being: The joint dependence problem', in F.T. Juster and F.P. Stafford (eds.), Time, Goods, and Well-being (Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI).
- Inglehart, R. and J.R. Rabier: 1986, 'Aspirations adapt to situations–But why are the Belgians so much happier than the French? A cross-cultural analysis of the subjective quality of life', in F.M. Andrews (ed.), Research on Quality of Life (Survey Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI).
- Juster, F.T., 1985, 'Preferences for work and leisure', in F.T. Juster and F.P. Stafford (eds.), Time, Goods, and Well-being (Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI).
- Kahneman, D., 1999, 'Objective happiness', in D. Kahneman, E. Diener and N. Schwarz (eds.), Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp. 3-25).
- Lehman, J.S. and T.M. Smeeding: 1997, 'Neighborhood effects and federal policy', in J. Brooks-Gunn, G. J. Duncan and J. L. Aber (eds.), Neighborhood Poverty, vol. 1 (Russell Sage Foundation), pp. 251-278.
- Mayer, S.E.: 1997, 'Indicators of children's economic well-being and parental employment', in R.M. Hauser, B.V. Brown and W.R. Prosser (eds.), Indicators of Children's Well-being (Russell Sage Foundation, New York).
- Nakosteen, R.A. and M.A. Zimmer: 1997, 'Men, money, and marriage: Are high earners more prone than low earners to marry?' Social Service Quarterly 78, pp. 66-82.
- Pamuk, E., D. Makuc, K. Heck, C. Reuben and K. Lochner: 1998, Socioeconomic Status and Health Chartbook: Health, United States, 1998 (National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD).
- Schor, J.B.: 1998, The Overspent American (Basic Books, New York).
- Schyns, P.: 1998a, Nation wealth, individual income and life-satisfaction in 42 countries: A multilevel approach. Paper presented at the Second Annual ISQOLS conference. Williamsburg, VA. December 3-6.
- Smith, J.R., J. Brooks-Gunn and A. Jackson: 1997, 'Parental employment and children', in R.M. Hauser, B.V. Brown and W.R. Prosser (eds.), Indicators of Children's Well-being (Russell Sage Foundation, New York).
- Smith, S. and P. Razzell: 1975, The Pools' Winners (Calibon Books, London).
- Templeton, J.M.: 1999, 'A worldwide rise in living standards', The Futurist 33, pp. 17-22.
- Veenhoven, R.: 1993, Happiness in Nations: Subjective Appreciation of Life in 55 Nations 1996–1990 (RISBO, Rotterdam).
- Wilson, J.B., D.T. Ellwood and J. Brooks-Gunn: 1995, 'Welfare-to-work through the eyes of children', in P.L. Chase-Lansdale and J. Brooks-Gunn (eds.), Escape from Poverty (Cambridge University Press, New York).
- World Value Survey Group: 1994, World Values Survey, 1981–1984 and 1990–1993 (Institute for Social Research, ICPSR, Ann Arbor, MI).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 998
Matsumoto, H., Sato, S., Asada, A., & Chiashi, K. (2018) · World Leisure Journal · doi:10.1080/16078055.2018.1444669 · Cited by 64
“As the level of income is an important variable to examine subjective happiness (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Diener & Oishi, 2000), future research should be conducted to further understand the effect of equipment aspect on subjective happiness.”
BackgroundDoes affluence impoverish the experience of parenting?
Kushlev, K., Dunn, E. W., & Ashton-James, C. E. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.06.001 · Cited by 58
The impact of wealth on subjective well-being: A comparison of three welfare-state regimes
Hochman, O., & Skopek, N. (2013) · Research in Social Stratification and Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2013.07.003 · Cited by 64
Individual Differences in Loss Aversion
Boyce, C. J., Wood, A. M., & Ferguson, E. (2016) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216634060 · Cited by 56
Yun, Y. H., Rhee, Y. E., Kang, E., & Sim, J.-A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16091538 · Cited by 58
“Conversely, a longitudinal study suggests that better SWB might influence higher income [39].”
BackgroundAssociation Lecture Subjective Outcomes in Economics
Hamermesh, D. S. (2004) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/4135306 · Cited by 57
Stone, A. A., Schneider, S., Krueger, A. B., Schwartz, J. E., & Deaton, A. (2016) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1532-x · Cited by 56
“With regard to income, there is some controversy about its association with evaluative wellbeing, with some scientists presenting a case for a strong linear association between evaluative wellbeing and the log of household income; others suggest an alternative perspective basing associations on income relative to thos…”
BackgroundEntrepreneurial Income and Wellbeing: Women’s Informal Entrepreneurship in a Developing Context
Muhammad, S., Kong, X., Saqib, S. E., & Beutell, N. J. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su131810262 · Cited by 56
“Across the field, the findings indicate a correlation between income, wealth, and wellbeing, but the variation in economic resources is not well explained [46].”
BackgroundPersonality and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from South Korea
Ha, S. E., & Kim, S. (2012) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0009-9 · Cited by 60
Han, C. (2014) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.08.006 · Cited by 56
“…Science Research journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/locate /ssresearch such as income and values, primarily focuses on cross-national differences (Diener and Biswas-Diener, 2002; Inglehart and Rabier, 1986) and is yet to be extended inside a society marked by systematic economic and social…”
BackgroundEthics and Public Policy Implications of Research on Consumer Well-Being
Sirgy, M. J. (2008) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1509/jppm.27.2.207 · Cited by 56
“In contrast, when countries across varying levels of economic development are compared, the evidence suggests that consumer wealth is correlated with happiness measures only up to a certain threshold of economic development, after which this correlation dissipates (Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002).”
BackgroundDo the Poor Really Feel Poor? Comparing Objective Poverty with Subjective Poverty in Pakistan
Mahmood, T., Yu, X., & Klasen, S. (2018) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-018-1921-4 · Cited by 63
The rural happiness paradox in developed countries
Sørensen, J. F. L. (2021) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102581 · Cited by 58
8 Happiness Adaptation to Income Beyond “Basic Needs”
Tella, R. D., & MacCulloch, R. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732739.003.0008 · Cited by 54
Bienestar Subjetivo y Calidad de Vida en la Infancia en Chile
Oyanedel, J. C., Alfaro, J., & Mella, C. (2015) · Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Niñez y Juventud · doi:10.11600/1692715x.13118040414 · Cited by 54
“A nivel de población general, se han constatado diferencias según el ingreso de los individuos, existiendo una fuerte relación al comparar países, pero disminuyendo al observar en su interior (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002).”
BackgroundBeyond health and economy: resource interactions in retirement adjustment
Hansson, I., Buratti, S., Johansson, B. E. A., & Berg, A. I. (2018) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1506745 · Cited by 54
“It is, however, generally argued that fundamental financial security is more important for individual well-being than excessive wealth (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Diener, Oishi, & Lucas, 2003; Diener & Seligman, 2004; Veenhoven, 1991), and we therefore claim that this measure is valid and…”
BackgroundChen, B., Luo, L., Wu, X., Chen, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00253-5 · Cited by 58
“Hence, consistent with Need Theory (Kraus 2018), we propose when a person’s need for a sense of control is not satisfied, being in the lower social class will adversely affect their SWB, whereas this effect will be attenuated when a person’s need for a sense of control is satisfied.”
BackgroundInfluentialFerreira, M. B., de Almeida, F., Soro, J. C., Herter, M. M., Pinto, D. C., & Silva, C. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.591875 · Cited by 61
“While there is a large body of literature on the risk factors, remedies, and detrimental effects of over-indebtedness, there is a relative lack of research on the impact of debt on SWB. Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 3 April 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 591875 This is surprising given the longstanding res…”
BackgroundIntroduction—The Science of Well-Being: Reviews and Theoretical Articles by Ed Diener
Diener, E. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_1 · Cited by 54
Self-citationInsuring Consumption and Happiness Through Religious OrganizationsPreprint
Dehejia, R., DeLeire, T., & Luttmer, E. F. P. (2005) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.800125 · Cited by 54
Ruta, D. A., Camfield, L., & Donaldson, C. (2007) · The Journal of Socio-Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2006.12.004 · Cited by 57
“This is not entirely a cultural artefact as the growth in prosperity in Europe and North America during the past 30 years has also not been matched by a corresponding rise in quality of life (Diener and Biswas-Diener, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialWong, C. K., Wong, K. Y., & Mok, B. H. (2006) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-005-1604-9 · Cited by 53
“According to Diener and Biswah-Diener (2002, p. 151), the cultural approach accounts for the reason why even most relatively poor individuals score high on subjective well-being, because they are involved in, say, productive activities which are respected in their culture.”
BackgroundInfluentialWhat Do We Really Need? Goals and Values, Security, and the Perception of Consumer Necessity
Norris, J. I., & Williams, C. (2016) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20855 · Cited by 54
Patel, P. C., & Wolfe, M. T. (2019) · Journal of Business Venturing Insights · doi:10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00134 · Cited by 60
Tahir, M. S., Shahid, A. U., & Richards, D. W. (2022) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-09-2021-0407 · Cited by 52
Improving Subjective Well-being of the Poor in the Eastern Cape
Cramm, J. M., Møller, V., & Nieboer, A. P. (2010) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105310367833 · Cited by 59
“…prior studies indicating a positive association between income and subjective well-being (Ahuvia & Friedman, 1998; Blanchflower & Oswald, 2004; Devey & Møller, 2002; Diener, 1984; Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Frey & Stutzer, 2003; Lipovèan et al., 2007; Møller, 1998, 2007c; Møller & Devey, 2003).”
BackgroundAlternative Trade Organization and Subjective Quality of Life
Geiger‐Oneto, S., & Arnould, E. J. (2011) · Journal of Macromarketing · doi:10.1177/0276146711405668 · Cited by 52
“…status is a strong determinant of QoL among poorer population segments (Sirgy et al. 2006; Stiglitz, Sen, and Fitoussi 2009), but of dramatically declining importance above a certain income threshold (Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002; Diener and Oishi 2000; Easterlin 1974; Howell and Howell 2008).”
BackgroundGonza, G., & Burger, A. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9797-y · Cited by 55
Antecedents of consumer price consciousness in a turbulent economy
Hampson, D. P., & Mcgoldrick, P. J. (2017) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12344 · Cited by 64
Gross‐Manos, D. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.048 · Cited by 53
“Studies indicate a significant association between income and SWB but it is not as strong as expected (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Easterlin, 2001).”
BackgroundHooghe, M. (2011) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2010.551791 · Cited by 48
“More specifically, we expected subjective well-being to be associated with age, gender, relationship status, a feeling of optimism, generalized trust, and the time spent on television (eg, see Clark & Oswald, 1994 ; Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002 ; Dolan, Peasgood, & White, 2008 ; Hooghe & Vanhoutte, 2011 ; Lucas, Diene…”
Merit pay raises and organization‐based self‐esteem
Scott, K. L., Shaw, J. D., & Duffy, M. K. (2008) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.539 · Cited by 50
“In an exhaustive review of this literature, Diener and Biswas-Diener (2002) concluded that inconsistent relationships exist Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. J. Organiz.”
BackgroundThe Effect of Self-Esteem on Corrupt Intention: The Mediating Role of Materialism
Liang, Y., Liu, L., Tan, X., Huang, Z., Dang, J., & Zheng, W. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01063 · Cited by 53
It’s All About the Money (For Some): Consequences of Financially Contingent Self-Worth
Park, L. E., Ward, D. E., & Naragon‐Gainey, K. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216689080 · Cited by 50
“The attention check items in Study 1c (MTurk study) were as follows: (a) If you live in the United States, select strongly agree.”
BackgroundInfluentialAutonomy-Based Reasons for Limitarianism
Zwarthoed, D. (2018) · Ethical Theory and Moral Practice · doi:10.1007/s10677-018-9958-7 · Cited by 51
“Several studies have investigated relationships between wealth and happiness (e.g. Blanchflower and Oswald 2004; Brickman et al. 1978; Csikszentmihalyi 1999; Cummins 2000; Diener et al. 1985; Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002; Diener and Oishi 2000; Easterlin 1973, 1995, 2001; Frey and Stutzer 2002; Myers 2000).”
BackgroundEconomic growth and subjective well-being: analyzing the formative mechanism of Easterlin Paradox
Li, L., & Shi, L. (2019) · The Journal of Chinese Sociology · doi:10.1186/s40711-018-0090-9 · Cited by 53
Yu, G. B., Lee, D., Sirgy, M. J., & Bošnjak, M. (2019) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-019-00202-x · Cited by 59
“2013; Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002).”
Effectiveness in Humans and Other Animals
Franks, B., & Higgins, E. T. (2012) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394281-4.00006-4 · Cited by 55
Xiao, J. J. (2015) · International series on consumer science · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2821-7 · Cited by 48
Alleviating job stress to improve service employee work affect: the influence of rewarding
Elmadağ, A. B., & Ellinger, A. E. (2017) · Service Business · doi:10.1007/s11628-017-0340-y · Cited by 58
Kaur, H., & Anand, S. (2018) · Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers · doi:10.1108/yc-03-2018-00788 · Cited by 49
The “Technology of Happiness” and the Tradition of Economic Science
Bruni, L. (2004) · Journal of the History of Economic Thought · doi:10.1080/1042771042000187853 · Cited by 49
Jokela, M. M., & Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.004 · Cited by 51
“…with high income, occupational status, and education tend to be happier and less likely to suffer from depression and other psychiatric disorders than people with low socioeconomic status (Clark, Frijters, & Shields, 2008; Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Frey & Stutzer, 2002; Lorant et al., 2003).”
BackgroundGarðarsdóttir, R. B., Dittmar, H., & Aspinall, C. (2009) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.9.1100 · Cited by 57
Trends in high life satisfaction among adolescentsin five Nordic countries 2002–2014
Due, P., Eriksson, C. C.-G., Torsheim, T., Potrebny, T., Välimaa, R. S., Suominen, S., Rasmussen, M., Currie, C., & Damsgaard, M. T. (2019) · Nordisk välfärdsforskning | Nordic Welfare Research · doi:10.18261/issn.2464-4161-2019-02-03 · Cited by 48
“However, individual-level differences are small in affluent countries, and socioeconomic differences seem to do better at explaining cross-national differences rather than intra-country differences (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Levin et al., 2011; Schyns, 2002).”
BackgroundBahta, Y. T., & Myeki, V. A. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08280 · Cited by 48
“Following Van de Kerk and Manuel (2012); Carruthers and Hood (2004), and Diener and Biswas-Diener (2002), the three pillars of sustainability, namely social wellbeing variables (relatives, social network and part of cooperative), economic variables (access to resources (credit), other business beside farming, and type…”
BackgroundBalance in Life and Declining Marginal Utility of Diverse Resources
Diener, E., Ng, S. H., & Tov, W. (2008) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-009-9062-1 · Cited by 48
“Replicating the findings of Greene and Baron (2001) and surveys of income and happiness (Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002), we found that income showed a clear pattern of DMU.”
BackgroundSelf-citationIncome and Well-being Across European Provinces
Okulicz‐Kozaryn, A. (2011) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9812-y · Cited by 49
Making Time Matter: A Review of Research on Time and Meaning
Rudd, M., Catapano, R., & Aaker, J. L. (2018) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.1087 · Cited by 50
An exploratory study of financial well-being among Malaysian households
Mahdzan, N. S., Zainudin, R., Sukor, M. E. A., Zainir, F., & Ahmad, W. M. W. (2020) · Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies · doi:10.1108/jabes-12-2019-0120 · Cited by 78
Kolandai‐Matchett, K. (2009) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2009.00754.x · Cited by 47
Does less working time improve life satisfaction? Evidence from European Social Survey
Shao, Q. (2022) · Health Economics Review · doi:10.1186/s13561-022-00396-6 · Cited by 52
“This effect has been confirmed by many prior studies [8, 19, 69, 70] and is generally interpreted as “more income brings greater happiness” [71].”
ResultWei, W., Önder, İ., & Uysal, M. (2024) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2023.2296587 · Cited by 58
“’ The second section captured the residents ’ senses of well-being in four life domains, including material life well-being (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Kim et al., 2013; Woo et al., 2015), leisure well-being (Neal et al., 1999, 2007), environmental well-being (Ap & Crompton, 1998; Smith et al.,…”
Relative deprivation based on occupation: An effective predictor of Chinese life satisfaction
Zhang, S., Wang, E., & Chen, Y. (2010) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-839x.2010.01338.x · Cited by 47
The U-shaped age–happiness relationship: real or methodological artifact?
Hellevik, O. (2015) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-015-0300-3 · Cited by 46
“Also for The U-shaped age–happiness relationship… 185 income the direction of causality in relation to subjective well-being is uncertain (Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002; Dolan et al. 2008), but there are reasons to assume that the influence flows mainly from income to SWB (Easterlin 1974).”
BackgroundRojas, M. (2010) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9737-x · Cited by 46
“During the last two decades the study of well-being has been revolutionized by the emergence of the subjective well-being approach (Kahneman 1999; Argyle 2001; Diener 2002; Diener and Oishi 2000; Veenhoven 1988, 1992; Easterlin 1974, 2001; Clark and Oswald 1994; Frey and Stutzer 2001; and Van Praag and Frijters Praag…”
BackgroundThe Relationship Between Life Satisfaction and Emotional Experience in 21 European Countries
Kööts‐Ausmees, L., Realo, A., & Allïk, J. (2012) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022112451054 · Cited by 49
“According to prior studies, these cultural values are related to wealth of nations (Hofstede, 2001; Inglehart & Baker, 2000), whereas material prosperity has been found to be correlated with SWB across cultures (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002).”
BackgroundHow Enrichment Affects Exploration Trade-Offs in Rats: Implications for Welfare and Well-Being
Franks, B., Champagne, F. A., & Higgins, E. T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083578 · Cited by 47
“First, well-being and welfare research both acknowledge that having desired outcomes is, to some extent, good for welfare [21,22].”
BackgroundThe relationship between income and life satisfaction: Does religiosity play a role?
Plouffe, R. A., & Tremblay, P. F. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.044 · Cited by 49
“…wealth and life satisfaction are positively related, even after controlling for demographic variables such as age, sex, and education level (e.g., Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Diener, Sandvik, Seidlitz, & Diener, 1993; Diener, Ng, Harter, & Arora, 2010; Hagerty, 2000; Inglehart & Klingemann,…”
BackgroundInfluentialLee, K. J., Cho, S., Kim, E. K., & Hwang, S. (2019) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-019-00153-3 · Cited by 45
Income Inequality, Social Comparison, and Happiness in the United States
Liao, T. F. (2021) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/2378023120985648 · Cited by 45
“Reviews in the relevant literature have mostly shown a positive association between income and subjective well-being (Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002; Howell and Howell 2008; Howell, Kern, and Lyubomirsky 2007; Lucas and Schimmack 2009; Ward and King 2016).”
BackgroundMoney, Emotions, and Ethics Across Individuals and Countries
Wang, L., & Murnighan, J. K. (2013) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1914-9 · Cited by 47
Ecological Engineering: Reshaping Our Environments to Achieve Our Goals
Levy, N. L. (2012) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-012-0065-8 · Cited by 44
“First, the relationship between higher incomes and higher subjective well-being is in part the result of higher subjective well-being leading to higher incomes, and not the other way round (Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002).”
BackgroundMcCann, S. J. H. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq113 · Cited by 44
The relationship between career capital and career success among Finnish knowledge workers
Järlström, M., Brandt, T., & Rajala, A. (2020) · Baltic Journal of Management · doi:10.1108/bjm-10-2019-0357 · Cited by 44
“Several studies indicate that happiness is related to income (Diener and Biswas-Diener, 2002), favorable evaluations by a superior (Cropanzano and Wright, 1999; Judge et al.”
BackgroundNational religiosity eases the psychological burden of poverty
Berkessel, J. B., Gebauer, J. E., Joshanloo, M., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2103913118 · Cited by 42
Stressed Out on Four Continents: Time Crunch or Yuppie Kvetch?
Hamermesh, D. S., & Lee, J. (2003) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w10186 · Cited by 44
Perceived Social Policy Fairness and Subjective Wellbeing: Evidence from China
Sun, F., & Xiao, J. J. (2011) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9834-5 · Cited by 43
“Diener and Biswas-Diener (2002) reviewed studies on the relationship between income and subjective well-being and concluded that there are at most small correlations between income and subjective well-being within nations, but these correlations appear to be larger in poorer countries.”
BackgroundÇıkrıkçı, Ö., & Odacı, H. (2015) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0861-5 · Cited by 54
Can success lead to happiness? the moderators between career success and happiness
Pan, J., & Zhou, W. (2012) · Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1111/j.1744-7941.2012.00033.x · Cited by 48
Kassim, N. M., & Zain, M. (2016) · Journal of Islamic marketing · doi:10.1108/jima-08-2014-0052 · Cited by 43
Coke vs. Pepsi: Brand Compatibility, Relationship Power, and Life Satisfaction
Brick, D. J., Fitzsimons, G. M., Chartrand, T. L., & Fitzsimons, G. J. (2017) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucx079 · Cited by 43
Does money buy happiness? Evidence from an unconditional cash transfer in Zambia
Natali, L., Handa, S., Peterman, A., Seidenfeld, D., & Tembo, G. (2018) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.02.002 · Cited by 46
“…(at the micro level) and in poorer countries (at the macro level, albeit controversial) suggesting a diminishing marginal utility of income (Veenhoven, 1991; Diener, Sandvik, Seidlitz, & Diener, 1993; Inglehart, 2000; Frey & Stutzer, 2000; Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Blanchflower & Oswald, 2004).”
BackgroundHastings, O. P. (2019) · Research in Social Stratification and Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2019.01.004 · Cited by 47
LA FELICIDAD EN EL TRABAJO: VALIDACIÓN DE UNA ESCALA DE MEDIDA
Ramírez-García, C., de Perea, J. G. Á., & del Junco, J. G. (2019) · Revista de Administração de Empresas · doi:10.1590/s0034-759020190503 · Cited by 43
“Igualmente, el salario surge como un ítem relevante entre las fuentes de felicidad constatadas en el cuestionario (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Frey & Stutzer, 2000; Fuentes & Rojas, 2001; Hagerty & Veenhoven, 2003; Schyns, 2002; Kenny, 2005; Zuzanek, 2013).”
BackgroundHappiness Decreases during Early Adolescence—A Study on 12- and 15-Year-Old Finnish Students
Uusitalo‐Malmivaara, L. (2014) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2014.56064 · Cited by 53
“Money produces short-term spurts in positive affect (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002).”
BackgroundAge and relative importance of major life domains
Hsieh, C. (2005) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2005.07.001 · Cited by 45
Komorowska, H. (2016) · Second language learning and teaching · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32954-3_3 · Cited by 42
Personality Traits and Financial Satisfaction: Investigation of a Hierarchical Approach
Davis, K., & Runyan, R. C. (2016) · Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning · doi:10.1891/1052-3073.27.1.47 · Cited by 42
“Diener and Biswas-Diener (2002) conclude, based on a review of the extant literature, that financial satisfaction and individualincome levels are related and may be predictors of wellbeing.”
BackgroundBuying well‐being: Spending behavior and happiness
Aknin, L. B., Wiwad, D., & Hanniball, K. B. (2018) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12386 · Cited by 51
Consumer debt and satisfaction in life.
Greenberg, A. E., & Mogilner, C. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/xap0000276 · Cited by 47
“…examining subjective well-being and the role of wealth has typically assessed wealth using household or personal income (e.g., Aknin et al., 2009; Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002; Kahneman & Deaton, 2010; Kahneman et al., 2006), even though debt holdings are an equally important determinant of a…”
BackgroundMethodThe Financial Resilience and Life Satisfaction Nexus of Indigenous Australians*
Jayasinghe, M. S., Selvanathan, E. A., & Selvanathan, S. (2020) · Economic Papers A journal of applied economics and policy · doi:10.1111/1759-3441.12296 · Cited by 46
Galati, D., Manzano, M., & Sotgiu, I. (2006) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/0539018406069594 · Cited by 44
“Thus, economic prosperity may influence human happiness and subjective well-being (for a recent review on this topic see Diener and Biswas-Diener, 2002).”
BackgroundBaumel, K., Hamlett, M., Wheeler, B., Hall, D., Randall, A. K., & Mickelson, K. (2021) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2020.1868190 · Cited by 41
Wealth and Happiness: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia
Landiyanto, E. A., Ling, J., Puspitasari, M., & Irianti, S. E. (2010) · SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS · Cited by 41
How much happiness does money buy? Income and subjective well-being in New Zealand
Sengupta, N. K., Osborne, D., Houkamau, C. A., Wilson, M., Halliday, L. M., West-Newman, T., Armstrong, G., Robertson, A. W., Brunton, C., & Sibley, C. G. (2012) · Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) · Cited by 41
Income or Consumption: Which Better Predicts Subjective Well‐Being?
Carver, T., & Grimes, A. (2019) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/roiw.12414 · Cited by 45
Rajyoga meditation induces grey matter volume changes in regions that process reward and happiness
G, R. B. M., Kadavigere, R., Prakashini, K., Sathian, B., & Rai, K. S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73221-x · Cited by 46
The Easterlin paradox and the decline of social capital: An integrated explanation
Pugno, M. (2009) · The Journal of Socio-Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2009.03.012 · Cited by 41
“In particular, lower well-being has been also found, even if to a lesser extent, among persons who actually achieve financial success (Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002; Nickerson et al. 2003).”
Bedin, L. M., & Sarriera, J. C. (2014) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0589-7 · Cited by 41
Akfirat, S. A., Polat, F. Ç., & Yetim, Ü. (2015) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0953-2 · Cited by 40
“The findings also revealed that while income and life satisfaction/happiness and other variables related to well-being were positively associated (Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002; Kaplan et al. 2008; Rojas 2008), poor people experienced greater psychological distress than the wealthy (Rojas 2010).”
BackgroundProperty law: A cognitive turn
Blumenthal, J. A. (2010) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/pbr.17.2.186 · Cited by 40
Economic poverty, common prosperity, and underdog entrepreneurship
Su, Y., Song, J., Lu, Y., Fan, D., & Yang, M. M.-H. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114061 · Cited by 43
Investigating the predictors of happiness, life satisfaction and success in schizophrenia
Saperia, S., Silva, S. D., Siddiqui, I., McDonald, K., Agid, O., Remington, G. J., & Foussias, G. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.11.005 · Cited by 43
Mínguez, A. M. (2019) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-019-00160-4 · Cited by 40
Møller, V. (2006) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-006-9004-3 · Cited by 40
Exploring Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults in Dakar
Macia, E., Duboz, P., Montepare, J. M., & Guéye, L. (2015) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology · doi:10.1007/s10823-015-9275-8 · Cited by 40
“This finding is consistent with analyses conducted on poor countries that have shown economic resources to have a greater impact on well-being than they do in rich countries (Diener and Biswas-Diener 2002).”
The Anticipation and Adaptation Effects of Intra- and Interpersonal Wage Changes on Job Satisfaction
Diriwwchter, P., & Shvartsman, E. (2018) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2017.12.010 · Cited by 37
Well-being and competitiveness: are the two linked at a place-based level?
Huggins, R. A., & Thompson, P. (2011) · Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society · doi:10.1093/cjres/rsr017 · Cited by 40
“Helping Others Makes Me Happy”
Liu, P., Ding, X., & Gu, N. (2016) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2818048.2819998 · Cited by 39
“Reflecting on Diener and Biswas-Diener’s statement that happiness comes from a “balanced portfolio” of personal assets [14], we believe it was the participants’ overreliance on others for daily activities, and not finding ways to return favors, that resulted in their imbalanced portfolio of personal assets and their i…”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Diener, Ed
- ORCID
- Diener, Ed
- Venue
- Social Indicators Research
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 119-169
- ISSN
- 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0921
- OpenAlex
- W1735969924
- Cited by
- 1,555
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 38.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Indicators Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Income, Poverty, and Inequality
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Quality of Life Measurement
- Keywords
- subjective well-being, income, happiness, materialism, material desire, poverty, economic growth, basic needs, social norms, consumption, The Wealth of Nations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
