The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-Affirmation Reduces Biased Processing of Health-Risk Information
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, in some studies, affirmed participants fail to make the behavioral changes that they predict they will (Harris et al. 2007, Harris & Napper 2005, Reed & Aspinwall 1998; for a review, see Harris & Epton 2010).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall 1998
In the citing paper
“Evidence supporting this claim can be drawn from experiments showing that positive affect facilitates attention to negative, self-relevant information (Reed & Aspinwall, 1998; Trope & Neter, 1994; Trope & Pomerantz, 1998; for a review, see Aspinwall, 1998).”
From The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. (2001) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall, 1998
In the citing paper
“Positive psychological constructs appear to affect attention and cognitive processing.”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Positive experiences and cognitions can help people better attend to and process health information [37], including unbiased and open appraisal of negative health information [56].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“The heavy caVeine consumers who were aYrmed oriented more rapidly to the risk-confirming information, that is, they looked at this information more quickly and viewed it as more convincing.Furthermore, the aYrmed heavy caVeine consumers recalled less risk-disconfirming information at a one-week follow-up.”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall, 1998
In the citing paper
“Indirectly, it may promote more positive health behaviors by making people more open to information that they are engaging in risky health behaviors (Harris & Napper, 2005;Reed & Aspinwall, 1998;Sherman et al., 2000).”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall, 1998
In the citing paper
“When self-integrity is aYrmed, people are less biased in their judgments of information related to their political identity (Cohen et al., 2000), their health (Reed & Aspinwall, 1998;Sherman et al., 2000), and their impressions of others (Fein & Spencer, 1997;Spencer et al., 2001).”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Reed & Aspinwall, 1998
Citations
Cites
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Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Aspinwall, L. G., & Brunhart, S. M. (in press). What I do know won't hurt me: Optimism, attention to negative information, coping, and health. In J. Gillham (Ed.), Volume in honor of Martin Seligman's contributions to the science of optimism, hope, and resiliency. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation.
- Breznitz, S. (1983). The seven kinds of denial. In S. Breznitz (Ed.), The denial of stress (pp. 257–286). New York: International Universities Press.
- Isen, A. M. (in press). Positive affect. In T. Dagleish & M. Powers (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion. London: Wiley.
- Jepson, C., & Chaiken, S. (1990). Chronic issue-specific fear inhibits systematic processing of persuasive communications. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 61–84.
- Lazarus, R. S. (1983). The costs and benefits of denial. In S. Breznitz (Ed.), The denial of stress (pp. 1–30). New York: International Universities Press.
- Silicon Beach Software, Inc. (1989). Supercard v1.6. San Diego, CA: Author.
- Tesser, A., Martin, L. L., & Cornell, D. P. (1996). On the substitutability of self-protective mechanisms. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 48–68). New York: Guilford Press.
- Trope, Y. (1986). Self-assessment, self-enhancement, and achievement behavior. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (pp. 350–378). New York: Guilford Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.218 · Cited by 18,025
The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 · Cited by 7,143
The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1512 · Cited by 4,214
Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.365 · Cited by 2,797
Positive affect and the other side of coping.
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.6.647 · Cited by 2,471
Metadata
- Authors
- Reed, M. B., & Aspinwall, L. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Venue
- Motivation and Emotion
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 99-132
- ISSN
- 0146-7239 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6644
- OpenAlex
- W149926111
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Motivation and Emotion (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- self-affirmation, confirmation bias, self-relevant information, caffeine consumption, fibrocystic breast disease, perceived personal control, self-regulation, risk perception
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