The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Searching for the exercise factor: is IL-6 a candidate?
Abstract
For years the search for the stimulus that initiates and maintains the change of excitability or sensibility of the regulating centers in exercise has been progressing. For lack of more precise knowledge, it has been called the 'work stimulus', 'the work factor' or 'the exercise factor'. In other terms, one big challenge for muscle and exercise physiologists has been to determine how muscles signal to central and peripheral organs. Here we discuss the possibility that interleukin-6 (IL-6) could mediate some of the health beneficial effects of exercise. In resting muscle, the IL-6 gene is silent, but it is rapidly activated by contractions. The transcription rate is very fast and the fold changes of IL-6 mRNA is marked. IL-6 is released from working muscles into the circulation in high amounts. The IL-6 production is modulated by the glycogen content in muscles, and IL-6 thus works as an energy sensor. IL-6 exerts its effect on adipose tissue, inducing lipolysis and gene transcription in abdominal subcutaneous fat and increases whole body lipid oxidation. Furthermore, IL-6 inhibits low-grade TNF-alpha-production and may thereby inhibit TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance and atherosclerosis development. We propose that IL-6 and other cytokines, which are produced and released by skeletal muscles, exerting their effects in other organs of the body, should be named 'myokines'.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The concept of “exercise factor” was based on the fact that muscle contractions engage metabolic and physiological responses in other organs, and that these are not mediated by the nervous system (Pedersen et al., 2003).”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Pedersen et al., 2003
In the citing paper
“skeletal muscle has been re-recognized as an active endocrine organ capable of synthesizing and releasing a series of bioactive molecules in response to exercise stimulation, known as “myokines”.”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“The discovery of myokines stemmed from the work of Pedersen et al. in 2003, who first demonstrated that skeletal muscle could synthesize and release large amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6) into the circulation during exercise, thereby regulating the metabolism and function of distant organs [6].”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“¼ sICAM-1, sVCAM-1”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [618]
In the citing paper
“# sE-selectin”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [618]
In the citing paper
“it is now clear that IL-6 [7] and IL-8 [8] production is upregulated by muscle contraction and that these cytokines may be released from contracting skeletal muscle.”
In the citing paper
“Recently, IL-6 was introduced as the first myokine, defined as a cytokine, which is produced and released by contracting skeletal muscle fibres, exerting its effects in other organs of the body.”
From Exercise as a Mean to Control Low‐Grade Systemic Inflammation (2008) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“We suggest that skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ and that myokines may be involved in mediating the beneficial effects against CNCDs associated with low-grade inflammation.”
From Exercise as a Mean to Control Low‐Grade Systemic Inflammation (2008) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“skeletal muscle has recently been identified as an endocrine organ, which produces and releases cytokines (also called myokines) [18, 19].”
From Exercise as a Mean to Control Low‐Grade Systemic Inflammation (2008) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“A number of studies have demonstrated that working muscle produces IL-6.”
From Exercise as a Mean to Control Low‐Grade Systemic Inflammation (2008) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Thus muscle biopsies obtained before and after exercise in humans and rats demonstrate very little IL-6 mRNA in resting muscle, but up to a 100-fold increase in exercising skeletal muscle [18, 64, 65].”
From Exercise as a Mean to Control Low‐Grade Systemic Inflammation (2008) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“The magnitude by which plasma IL-6 increases is related to exercise duration, intensity, and muscle mass involved in the mechanical work [13, 18, 60, 62].”
From Exercise as a Mean to Control Low‐Grade Systemic Inflammation (2008) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
Cites
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873
Pan, X.-R., Li, G.-W., Hu, Y.-H., Wang, J.-X., Yang, W.-Y., An, Z.-X., Hu, Z.-X., Juan-Lin, Xiao, J.-Z., Cao, H.-B., et al. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.4.537 · Cited by 4,320
Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
McCarthy, B., Casey, D., Devane, D., Murphy, K., Murphy, E., & Lacasse, Y. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003793.pub3 · Cited by 2,643
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Stampfer, M. J., & Hennekens, C. H. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.15.1767 · Cited by 2,429
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Whelton, S. P., Chin, A., Xin, X., & He, J. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00006 · Cited by 1,970
Pescatello, L. S., Franklin, B. A., Fagard, R. H., Farquhar, W. B., Kelley, G. A., & Ray, C. A. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000115224.88514.3a · Cited by 1,943
Boulé, N. G., Haddad, E., Kenny, G. P., Wells, G. A., & Sigal, R. J. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.10.1218 · Cited by 1,889
Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation
Pedersen, B. K., & Hoffman-Goetz, L. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1055 · Cited by 1,710
The Effects of Climate Change on Cardiac Health
De Blois, J., Kjellstrom, T., Agewall, S., Ezekowitz, J. A., Armstrong, P. W., & Atar, D. (2015) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000398787 · Cited by 1,697
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 567
The Cardiovascular Effects of Chronic Hypoestrogenism in Amenorrhoeic Athletes
O’Donnell, E., & Souza, M. J. D. (2004) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200434090-00004 · Cited by 44
Bidwell, A. J. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9060549 · Cited by 44
Aoi, W., Hirano, N., Lassiter, D. G., Björnholm, M., Chibalin, A., Sakuma, K., Tanimura, Y., Mizushima, K., Takagi, T., Naito, Y., et al. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201900453r · Cited by 43
Exercise tames the wild side of the Myc network: a hypothesis
Gohil, K., & Brooks, G. A. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00027.2012 · Cited by 42
Vitale, J. A., Lombardi, G., Weydahl, A., & Banfi, G. (2018) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2018.1475395 · Cited by 43
Gao, X., Chen, Y., & Cheng, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1338875 · Cited by 41
Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Exercise—A Neuronal Perspective
Reddy, I., Yadav, Y., & Dey, C. S. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-022-01272-x · Cited by 46
Shero, J. A., Lindholm, M. E., Sandri, M. F., & Stanford, K. I. (2025) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.124.325614 · Cited by 45
Fukushima, Y., Kurose, S., Shinno, H., Thu, H. C. T., Takao, N., Tsutsumi, H., & Kimura, Y. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2016.40.2.147 · Cited by 42
Effect of Physical Exercise on Endometriosis Experimentally Induced in Rats
Montenegro, M. L., Bonocher, C. M., Meola, J., Portella, R. L., Ribeiro‐Silva, A., Brunaldi, M. O., Ferriani, R. A., & Silva, J. C. R. E. (2018) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719118799205 · Cited by 41
Adipocytes promote tumor progression and induce PD-L1 expression via TNF-α/IL-6 signaling
Li, Z., Zhang, C., Du, J., Zhao, J., Shi, M., Jin, M., & Liu, H. (2020) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-020-01269-w · Cited by 43
Interstitial IGF-I in exercising skeletal muscle in women
Berg, U., Gustafsson, T. P., Sundberg, C. J., Kaijser, L., Carlsson‐Skwirut, C., & Bang, P. (2007) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-07-0141 · Cited by 41
Wang, B., Chen, T., Wang, J., Jia, Y., Ren, H., Wu, F., Hu, M., & Chen, Y. (2018) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.024 · Cited by 39
Sports and Immunity, from the recreational to the elite athlete
Baskerville, R., Castell, L. M., & Bermon, S. (2024) · Infectious Diseases Now · doi:10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104893 · Cited by 40
Exercise as a tool to mitigate metabolic disease
Esteves, J. V. D. C., & Stanford, K. I. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00144.2024 · Cited by 39
Nakamura, T., Masuda, A., Nakano, D., Amano, K., Sano, T., Nakano, M., & Kawaguchi, T. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14060428 · Cited by 43
Factors associated with increased irisin levels in the type 1 diabetes mellitus
Ateş, İ., Arikan, M. F., Erdogan, K., Kaplan, M., Yuksel, M., Topçuoğlu, C., Yilmaz, N., & Guler, S. (2017) · Endocrine Regulations · doi:10.1515/enr-2017-0001 · Cited by 38
Handschin, C. (2009) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05275.x · Cited by 39
Mechanisms Mediating Vibration-Induced Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Analyzed in the Rat
Dina, O. A., Joseph, E. K., Levine, J. D., & Green, P. G. (2009) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.08.007 · Cited by 38
Energy metabolism and frailty: The potential role of exercise-induced myokines – A narrative review
Barros, D. G. M., Marques, E. A., Magalhães, J., & Carvalho, J. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101780 · Cited by 41
Revisiting the evolutionary origins of obesity: lazy versus peppy‐thrifty genotype hypothesis
Reddon, H., Patel, Y. S., Turcotte, M., Pigeyre, M., & Meyre, D. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12742 · Cited by 38
Lima, L. G., Bonardi, J. M. T., Campos, G. O., Bertani, R. F., Scher, L. M. D. L., Louzada‐Júnior, P., Moriguti, J. C., Ferriolli, E., & Lima, N. K. C. (2015) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-014-0307-y · Cited by 35
Physical Inactivity: A Modifiable Risk Factor for Morbidity and Mortality in Kidney Transplantation
Ponticelli, C. E., & Favi, E. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11090927 · Cited by 35
Ning, K., Wang, Z., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.934406 · Cited by 35
STRELTSOVA, J., McKeever, K. H., Liburt, N. R., Gordon, M. E., Filho, H. C. M., Horohov, D. W., Rosen, R. T., & Franke, W. C. (2006) · Equine and comparative exercise physiology · doi:10.1017/ecp200687 · Cited by 36
Immunohistochemical localization of irisin in mole rats(Spalax leucodon)
Gür, F. M., Timurkaan, S., Yalçın, M., GİRGİN, A., & Tarakçı, B. G. (2017) · Biotechnic & Histochemistry · doi:10.1080/10520295.2017.1303194 · Cited by 35
Beige Fat, Adaptive Thermogenesis, and Its Regulation by Exercise and Thyroid Hormone
Phillips, K. J. (2019) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology8030057 · Cited by 35
Exercise Counteracts the Deleterious Effects of Cancer Cachexia
Tsitkanou, S., Murach, K. A., Washington, T. A., & Greene, N. P. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14102512 · Cited by 38
The role of exerkines on brain mitochondria: a mini-review
Heo, J., Noble, E. E., & Call, J. A. (2022) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00565.2022 · Cited by 37
Morettini, M., Palumbo, M. C., Sacchetti, M., Castiglione, F., & Mazzà, C. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181224 · Cited by 32
Exercise‐Induced cytokines, diet, and inflammation and their role in adipose tissue metabolism
Al‐Ibraheem, A. M. T., Hameed, A. A. Z., Marsool, M. D. M., Jain, H., Prajjwal, P., Khazmi, I., Nazzal, R., Al-Najati, H. M. H., Al‐Zuhairi, B. H. Y. K., Razzaq, M., et al. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70034 · Cited by 33
Anti-Inflammatory State in Arabian Horses Introduced to the Endurance Training
Witkowska‐Piłaszewicz, O., Bąska, P., Czopowicz, M., Żmigrodzka, M., Szarska, E., Szczepaniak, J., Nowak, Z., Winnicka, A., & Cywińska, A. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9090616 · Cited by 36
Lau, P., Vico, L., & Rittweger, J. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020342 · Cited by 32
Insulin and glucose play a role in foam cell formation and function.
Shashkin, P. N., Jain, N., Miller, Y. I., Rissing, B. A., Huo, Y., Keller, S. R., Vandenhoff, G. E., Nadler, J. L., & McIntyre, T. M. (2006) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-5-13 · Cited by 32
Sauerwein, H., & Häußler, S. (2015) · Domestic Animal Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.11.007 · Cited by 32
Riley, L. A., & Esser, K. A. (2017) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-017-0363-2 · Cited by 35
Cortés, C. J., & Miguel, Z. D. (2022) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-220139 · Cited by 34
Revisiting skeletal myopathy and exercise training in heart failure: Emerging role of myokines
Ramírez‐Vélez, R., González, A., García‐Hermoso, A., Latasa, I., Izquierdo, M., & Dı́ez, J. (2022) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155348 · Cited by 32
Ahsan, M., Garneau, L., & Aguer, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1040809 · Cited by 31
Muscle endocrinology and its relation with nutrition
Romagnoli, C., Pampaloni, B., & Brandi, M. L. (2019) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01188-5 · Cited by 30
Biniaminov, N., Bandt, S., Röth, A., Haertel, S., Neumann, R., & Bub, A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189254 · Cited by 29
Nylén, C., Aoi, W., Abdelmoez, A. M., Lassiter, D. G., Lundell, L. S., Wallberg‐Henriksson, H., Näslund, E. B., Pillon, N. J., & Krook, A. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00398.2017 · Cited by 30
Biosimulation of acute phonotrauma: An extended model
Li‐Jessen, N. Y. K., Yoram Vodovotz, B., Kim, K. H., Mi, Q., Hebda, P. A., & Abbott, K. V. (2011) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.22226 · Cited by 29
Cytokines and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children
Andersen, L. B., Müller, K., Eiberg, S., Froberg, K., Andersen, J. F. B., Bugge, A., Hermansen, B. E.-N., & McMurray, R. G. (2009) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.08.019 · Cited by 29
Liburt, N. R., McKeever, K. H., STRELTSOVA, J., Franke, W. C., Gordon, M. E., Filho, H. C. M., Horohov, D. W., Rosen, R. T., Ho, C., Singh, A. P., et al. (2009) · Comparative Exercise Physiology · doi:10.1017/s175525401000005x · Cited by 29
Cañellas, L. R., Martínez, S. G., Aguiló, A., & Tauler, P. (2020) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00375-4 · Cited by 28
Ochi, E., Nakazato, K., & Ishii, N. (2011) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181f1592e · Cited by 28
Hashizume, M., & Mihara, M. (2011) · Inflammation and Regeneration · doi:10.2492/inflammregen.31.325 · Cited by 28
Fenger‐Grøn, M., Vinter, N., & Frost, L. (2019) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2019.05.009 · Cited by 28
Signals from the Circle: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates as Myometabokines
Maurer, J., Hoene, M., & Weigert, C. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11080474 · Cited by 27
Exercise workload: a key determinant of immune health – a narrative review
Shi, X., Hu, L., Nieman, D. C., Li, F., Chen, P., Shi, H., & Shi, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1617261 · Cited by 30
Myofiber Baf60c controls muscle regeneration by modulating Dkk3-mediated paracrine signaling
Xu, J., Li, X., Chen, W., Zhang, Z., Zhou, Y., Gou, Y., Lv, C.-A., Lu, J., Qiu, X., Ma, S., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20221123 · Cited by 26
Vints, W. A. J., Gökçe, E., Langeard, A., Павлова, Ю., Çevik, Ö. S., Ziaaldini, M. M., Todri, J., Lena, O., Sakkas, G. K., Jak, S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1213057 · Cited by 29
Exercise and Mental Health: What did We Learn in the Last 20 Years?
Deslandes, A. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00066 · Cited by 30
Magid, E., Guldager, H., Hesse, D., & Christiansen, M. S. (2005) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.055442 · Cited by 25
Consorti, A., Marco, I. D., & Sansevero, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.710303 · Cited by 27
Effects of Muscles on Bone Metabolism—with a Focus on Myokines
Kim, B. (2022) · Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research · doi:10.4235/agmr.22.0054 · Cited by 26
Aas, V., Øvstebø, R., Brusletto, B. S., Aspelin, T., Trøseid, A. S., Qureshi, S., Eid, D. S. O., Olstad, O. K., Nyman, T. A., & Haug, K. B. F. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1143966 · Cited by 25
Han, H., Wei, W., Chu, W., Liu, K., Tian, Y., Jiang, Z., & Chen, J. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18081799 · Cited by 25
Legaard, G. E., & Pedersen, B. K. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00013-x · Cited by 24
Lumican, an Exerkine, Protects against Skeletal Muscle Loss
Cho, H. J., Lee, Y., Kim, D. A., Moon, S. A., Lee, S. E., Lee, S. H., & Koh, J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231710031 · Cited by 24
Skeletal muscle-secreted DLPC orchestrates systemic energy homeostasis by enhancing adipose browning
Hu, X., Sun, M., Chen, Q., Zhao, Y., Liang, N., Wang, S., Yin, P., Yang, Y., Lam, S. M., Zhang, Q., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43402-z · Cited by 25
Taibi-Djennah, Z., & Laraba‐Djebari, F. (2015) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.002 · Cited by 24
Does iris(in) bring bad news or good news?
Buscemi, S., Corleo, D., Buscemi, C., & Giordano, C. S. D. S. (2017) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-017-0431-8 · Cited by 24
Identification of secreted proteins associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in Psammomys obesus
Bolton, K. A., Segal, D., McMillan, J. S., Sanigorski, A. J., Collier, G. R., & Walder, K. R. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.148 · Cited by 23
Darko, S. N., Yar, D. D., Owusu‐Dabo, E., Awuah, A. A.-A., Dapaah, W., Addofoh, N., Salifu, S. P., Awua-Boateng, N. Y., & Adomako‐Boateng, F. (2015) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-015-0047-9 · Cited by 24
Hess, N., & Smart, N. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00048 · Cited by 26
IL-12 involvement in myogenic differentiation of C2C12 in vitro
Romanazzo, S., Forte, G., Morishima, K., & Taniguchi, A. (2014) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c4bm00315b · Cited by 23
Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases and Inflammation in Muscle Pathophysiology
So, H.-K., Kim, S., Kang, J., & Lee, S.-J. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.712389 · Cited by 23
Role of Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways in Prostate Cancer
Wanjari, U. R., Mukherjee, A. G., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., Murali, R., Dey, A., Vellingiri, B., & Ganesan, R. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13020183 · Cited by 24
Marullo, A. L., & O’Halloran, K. D. (2023) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep091063 · Cited by 24
Wright, H. E., McLellan, T. M., Friesen, B. J., Casa, D. J., & Kenny, G. P. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00523.2012 · Cited by 23
Nutritional regulation of interleukin-6 release from adipocytes
García‐Escobar, E., Rodríguez‐Pacheco, F., García‐Serrano, S., Gómez‐Zumaquero, J. M., Haro‐Mora, J. J., Soriguer, F., & Rojo‐Martínez, G. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.70 · Cited by 22
Oliveira, D. M. G., Narciso, F. M. S., Santos, M. L. A. S., Pereira, D. S., Coelho, F. M., Dias, J. M. D., & Pereira, L. S. M. (2008) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2008001200017 · Cited by 22
Terink, R., Bongers, C. C. W. G., Witkamp, R. F., Mensink, M., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Gunnewiek, J. M. T. K., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2018) · Translational Sports Medicine · doi:10.1002/tsm2.23 · Cited by 22
Idzik, M., Poloczek, J., Skrzep-Poloczek, B., Dróżdż, E., Chełmecka, E., Czuba, Z. P., Jochem, J., & Stygar, D. M. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12050605 · Cited by 21
Interleukin‐6 and its mRNA responses in exercise and recovery: relationship to muscle glycogen
Gusba, J. E., Wilson, R. J., Robinson, D. L., & Graham, T. E. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00635.x · Cited by 21
Exercise against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Possible role and mechanism of lipophagy
Su, P., Chen, J., & Tang, D. (2023) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121837 · Cited by 20
Impact of Intrinsic Muscle Weakness on Muscle–Bone Crosstalk in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Gremminger, V. L., & Phillips, C. L. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094963 · Cited by 21
The Potential Roles of Myokines in Adipose Tissue Metabolism with Exercise and Cold Exposure
Jiang, S., Bae, J. H., Wang, Y., & Song, W. J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911523 · Cited by 20
Sarcopenia: alterações metabólicas e consequências no envelhecimento
Pierine, D. T., Nicola, M., & de Oliveira, E. P. (2009) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.18511/rbcm.v17i3.999 · Cited by 20
The role of exercise on the innate immunity of the elderly
Malaguarnera, L., Cristaldi, E., Vinci, M., & Malaguarnera, M. (2007) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1007/s11556-007-0028-8 · Cited by 20
Peart, D. J., Kirk, R. J., Hillman, A. R., Madden, L. A., Siegler, J. C., & Vince, R. V. (2012) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2419-4 · Cited by 22
Exercise Delays Brain Ageing Through Muscle‐Brain Crosstalk
Pourteymour, S., Majhi, R. K., Norheim, F., & Drevon, C. A. (2025) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.70026 · Cited by 21
Irisin and Testosterone in Men with Metabolic Syndrome
Kamenov, Z. A., Assyov, Y. S., Angelova, P., Gateva, A., & Tsakova, A. D. (2017) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0043-115227 · Cited by 19
Acute glutamine supplementation does not improve 20-km self-paced cycling performance in the heat
Osborne, J. O., Stewart, I. B., Beagley, K. W., Borg, D. N., & Minett, G. M. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04234-2 · Cited by 19
O’Connell, G. C., Guo, G., Stricker, J., Quinn, L. S., Ma, A. I., & Pistilli, E. E. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00704.2014 · Cited by 18
Increased Prevalence of the IL-6 -174C Genetic Polymorphism in Long Distance Swimmers
Ben‐Zaken, S., Meckel, Y., Nemet, D., Kassem, E., & Eliakim, A. (2017) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.1515/hukin-2017-0070 · Cited by 18
Marko, D. M., Finch, M. S., Yang, A. J. T., Castellani, L. N., Peppler, W. T., Wright, D. C., & MacPherson, R. E. K. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00520.2022 · Cited by 17
Review of the health-promoting effects of exercise and the involvement of myokines.
Nishii, K., Aizu, N., & Yamada, K. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.20407/fmj.2022-020 · Cited by 17
Diabetes Mellitus Should Be Considered While Analysing Sarcopenia-Related Biomarkers
Rentflejsz, J., & Wojszel, Z. B. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13041107 · Cited by 18
Calcaterra, V., Magenes, V. C., Bianchi, A., Rossi, V., Gatti, A., Marin, L., Vandoni, M., & Zuccotti, G. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14091198 · Cited by 20
Intervention strategies for Parkinson’s disease: the role of exercise and mitochondria
Xu, G., Ma, C., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1519672 · Cited by 18
Krapf, S. A., Schjølberg, T., Asoawe, L., Honkanen, S. K., Kase, E. T., Thoresen, G. H., & Haugen, F. (2021) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102930 · Cited by 17
Exercise-induced inflammatory and metabolic adaptations in ageing: A meta-analytic compendium
Sheldon, R., Gan, A., Tasong, J., Yap, A., Ahmad, M., Júnior, P. R. H., Viswanathan, K., Setti, N. S. M., Jarman, O., Hoque-Uddin, M. S., et al. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102974 · Cited by 16
Garramona, F. T., Cunha, T. F., Vieira, J. S., Borges, G. S., Santos, G., de Castro, G., Ugrinowitsch, C., & Brum, P. C. (2023) · Lung Cancer Management · doi:10.2217/lmt-2023-0006 · Cited by 16
Jeong, D.-H., Park, K.-M., Lee, J., Choi, J., Du, H., Jeong, H., Li, L., Sakai, K., & Kang, S. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16111688 · Cited by 17
Molecular targets of exercise mimetics and their natural activators
Jang, Y. J., & Byun, S. (2021) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.12.151 · Cited by 17
A preliminary study on the role of Piezo1 channels in myokine release from cultured mouse myotubes
Sciancalepore, M., Massaria, G., Tramer, F., Zacchi, P., Lorenzon, P., & Bernareggi, A. (2022) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.059 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Pedersen
- Venue
- Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2/3
- Pages
- 113-119
- ISSN
- 0142-4319 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1566764955
- Cited by
- 564
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 11.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, myokines, physical activity, skeletal muscle, muscle contraction, IL-6 expression, glycogen, energy sensing, adipose tissue, lipolysis, lipid oxidation, TNF-α, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, cytokines
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Energy Metabolism, Glucose, Humans, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Exercise, Interleukin-6, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Cells, Lipid Metabolism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
