Cited by 227Exercise and Physiological ResponsesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Physiological roles of muscle-derived interleukin-6 in response to exercise

Pedersen, Bente K, Fischer, Christian P·2007·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss recent findings with regard to the regulation of muscle-derived interleukin-6 as well as the possible physiological and metabolic roles of interleukin-6 in response to exercise. RECENT FINDINGS: Contraction-induced transcription and release of interleukin-6 is primarily regulated by an altered intramuscular milieu in response to exercise. Accordingly, changes in calcium homeostasis, impaired glucose availability and increased formation of reactive oxygen species are all associated with exercise and capable of activating transcription factors known to regulate interleukin-6 synthesis. Acute interleukin-6 administration to humans increases lipolysis, fat oxidation and insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation by interleukin-6 appears to play an important role in modulating some of these metabolic effects. Interleukin-6 facilitates an antiinflammatory milieu and may exert some of its biological effects via inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha. SUMMARY: The discovery of contracting muscle as a cytokine-producing organ opens a new paradigm: skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that in response to contractions produces and releases 'myokines', which subsequently can modulate the metabolic and immunological response to exercise in several tissues. In our view, interleukin-6 may be one of several myokines.

Integrity signals

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Crossref · 10.1097/mco.0b013e3280ebb5b3

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97 of 97 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are related to a state of low-grade systemic inflammation.

    “Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are related to a state of low-grade systemic inflammation [7, 27–29].”
  • IL-6 protein is expressed in contracting muscle fibres and IL-6 is released from skeletal muscle during exercise.

    “In addition, it has been demonstrated that the IL-6 protein is expressed in contracting muscle fibres and that IL-6 is released from skeletal muscle during exercise [28].”
  • The exercise-induced increase in plasma IL-6 levels is followed by increased circulating levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra and IL-10.

    “The exercise-induced increase in plasma IL-6 levels is followed by increased circulating levels of well-known anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ra and IL-10 [28, 48].”

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Authors
Pedersen, B. K., & Fischer, C. P.
Affiliations
University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
Pedersen, Bente K
Venue
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
Published
2007-05
Volume
10
Issue
3
Pages
265-271
ISSN
1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2001953371
Cited by
227
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
FWCI
2.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
interleukin-6, myokines, skeletal muscle, physical activity, muscle contraction, calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species, transcription factors, AMPK, lipolysis, fat oxidation, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, anti-inflammatory activity, TNF-α
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Exercise, Interleukin-6, Muscle, Skeletal

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