Current Views and Perspectives on E-Mental Health: An Exploratory Survey Study for Understanding Public Attitudes Toward Internet-Based Psychotherapy in Germany
Open accessAbstract
Background: Despite the advanced development of evidence-based psychological treatment services, help-seeking persons with mental health problems often fail to receive appropriate professional help. Internet-delivered psychotherapy has thus been suggested as an efficient strategy to overcome barriers to access mental health care on a large scale. However, previous research indicated poor public acceptability as an issue for the dissemination of Internet-delivered therapies. Currently, little is known about the expectations and attitudes toward Internet-delivered therapies in the general population. This is especially the case for countries such as Germany where electronic mental health (e-mental health) treatment services are planned to be implemented in routine care. Objective: This pilot study aimed to determine the expectations and attitudes toward Internet-based psychotherapy in the general population in Germany. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the associations between attitudes toward Internet-based therapies and perceived stress. Methods: To assess public attitudes toward Internet-based psychotherapy, we conducted both Web-based and paper-and-pencil surveys using a self-developed 14-item questionnaire (Cronbach alpha=.89). Psychological distress was measured by employing a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the 20-item German version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). In addition, we conducted explorative factor analysis (principal axis factor analysis with promax rotation). Spearman’s rank correlations were used to determine the associations between attitudes toward Internet-based therapies and perceived stress. Results: Descriptive analyses revealed that most respondents (N=1558; female: 78.95%, 1230/1558) indicated being not aware of the existence of Internet-delivered therapies (83.46%, 1141/1367). The average age was 32 years (standard deviation, SD 10.9; range 16-76). Through exploratory factor analysis, we identified 3 dimensions of public attitudes toward Internet-based therapies, which we labeled “usefulness or helpfulness,” “relative advantage or comparability,” and “accessibility or access to health care.” Analyses revealed negative views about Internet-based therapies on most domains, such as perceived helpfulness. The study findings further indicated ambivalent attitudes: Although most respondents agreed to statements on expected improvements in health care (eg, expanded access), we observed low intentions to future use of Internet-delivered therapies in case of mental health problems. Conclusions: This pilot study showed deficient “e-awareness” and rather negative or ambivalent attitudes toward Internet-delivered therapies in the German-speaking general population. However, research targeting determinants of the large-scale adoption of Internet-based psychotherapy is still in its infancy. Thus, further research is required to explore the “black box” of public attitudes toward Internet-delivered therapies with representative samples, validated measures, and longitudinal survey designs.
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Easier access to services that users would otherwise not have access to is a facilitator of engagement.
“Identified facilitators were easier access to services that users would otherwise not have access to [103,173]”
From Barriers to and facilitators of user engagement with digital mental health interventions: Systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [173]
The Introduction (Background; page unavailable) reports that convenience of access matters to decisions to engage with e-mental health services. The Discussion (Summary of Main Findings; page unavailable) reports positive views of expanded access, including reaching more patients and bridging waits for conventional therapy. The paper does not establish that access to otherwise unavailable services actually facilitates engagement; its own findings concern attitudes toward that potential benefit. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis study complements research concerning the constraints on implementation of CCBT services and might shed light on potential reasons for poor engagement of patients and high drop-out rates.
“In addition, this study complements research concerning the constraints on implementation of CCBT services (Folker et al ., 2018), and might shed light on potential reasons for poor engagement of patients (Apolinario-Hagen et al ., 2017) and high drop-out rates.”
From A qualitative study of patients’ experiences and acceptance of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy in primary care, Scotland (2021) · cites this paper as Apolinario-Hagen et al., 2017
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“Although clinical studies have identified individual predictors of engagement or disengagement in active treatment conditions [22-25], the evidence base for predictors of help-seeking intentions and using e-mental health treatments in the general population is still scare.”
Bauer, S., & Kordy, H. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75736-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Apolinário-Hagen, J., & Tasseit, S. (2015) · International Journal of Health Professions · doi:10.1515/ijhp-2015-0010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationÖzyürek, P., Öztaşan, N., & Kılıç, İ. (2015) · Acta Informatica Medica · doi:10.5455/aim.2015.23.33-38 · Cited by 9 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For instance, a pilot study [52] showed that perceived stress was negatively associated with attitudes to computers among students.”
Public mental health: the need for a broader view of the issues
Gureje, O. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20186 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Borghouts, J., Eikey, E., Mark, G., De Leon, C., Schueller, S. M., Schneider, M., Stadnick, N., Zheng, K., Mukamel, D., & Sorkin, D. H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24387 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
Ebert, D. D., Van Daele, T., Nordgreen, T., Karekla, M., Compare, A., Zarbo, C., Brugnera, A., Øverland, S., Trebbi, G., Jensen, K. L., et al. (2018) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000318 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
O’Brien (2019) · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1423-5 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Harrer, M., Adam, S. H., Fleischmann, R. J., Baumeister, H., Auerbach, R., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., Berking, M., Lehr, D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9293 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“A significant association between heightened stress levels and positive attitudes toward internet intervention usage has also been found in a German general population sample [22].”
BackgroundTitzler, I., Saruhanjan, K., Berking, M., Riper, H., & Ebert, D. D. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.01.002 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Van Daele, T., Karekla, M., Kassianos, A. P., Compare, A., Haddouk, L., Salgado, J., Ebert, D. D., Trebbi, G., Bernaerts, S., Van Assche, E., et al. (2020) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000218 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“For a long time, the general public seemed unaware of the existence of online tools to safeguard their mental health or to rely on for support in case of mental health problems, and their overall attitude is ambivalent at best (Apolinário-Hagen et al., 2017; Musiat et al., 2014).”
BackgroundPublic attitudes toward guided internet-based therapies: web-based survey study
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Harrer, M., Kählke, F., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., & Ebert, D. D. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/10735 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Analysis of attitudes toward guided internet interventions indicated an overall moderate acceptance (ETAM overall mean score, Table 3).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationTelepsychotherapy: a leaflet for psychotherapists in the age of COVID-19. A review of the evidence
Poletti, B., Tagini, S., Brugnera, A., Parolin, L. A. L., Pievani, L., Ferrucci, R., Compare, A., & Silani, V. (2020) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2020.1769557 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“Similarly, individuals with a higher level of perceived stress and, thus, possibly seeking treatments were more likely to adopt telepsychotherapy (Apolinário-Hagen et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialBoldrini, T., Lomoriello, A. S., Corno, F. D., Lingiardi, V., & Salcuni, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591170 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Preferences for e-mental health interventions in Germany: a discrete choice experiment
Phillips, E. A., Himmler, S. F., & Schreyögg, J. (2021) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2020.09.018 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Ebert, D. D., Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., & Baumeister, H. (2019) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_29 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationEtzelmueller, A., Radkovsky, A., Hannig, W., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.01.003 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“However, internet- and mobile based interventions (IMIs) with a strong focus on self-help might not be an attractive treatment option for all patients (Apolinário-Hagen et al., 2017; Baumeister et al., 2014; Ebert et al., 2015; Musiat et al., 2014).”
BackgroundLinardon, J., Messer, M., Lee, S., & Rosato, J. (2021) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-020-01005-3 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“, [13, 14], there is a dearth of research investigating e-health perspectives among people with or at risk of an ED.”
BackgroundApolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Bierhals, C., & Salewski, C. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2017.12.002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“In accordance with the Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977), respondents may not have perceived themselves similar enough to the model presented in the user evaluation condition (e.g. in terms of age or health status), which could result in a low involvement of the participants.”
MethodSelf-citationDeterminant Factors of Public Acceptance of Stress Management Apps: Survey Study
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Hennemann, S., Fritsche, L., Drüge, M., & Breil, B. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/15373 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“On the one hand, there is evidence for an association between stress perceptions and attitudes toward using e-mental health treatments [33,74] and a higher interest in using stress management apps [75].”
Self-citationLinardon, J., Shatte, A., Tepper, H., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23268 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Jiménez, P., & Bregenzer, A. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.8769 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“The overall accessibility of health programs is especially suitable for programs targeting mental health, as persons with mental health problems can avoid exposure in an open group when using eHealth tools [6,39].”
Feniger‐Schaal, R., Orkibi, H., Keisari, S., Sajnani, N. L., & Butler, J. D. (2022) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2022.101898 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Leuchtenberg, S., Gromer, D., & Käthner, I. (2022) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12538 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Bäuerle, A., Jahre, L. M., Teufel, M., Jansen, C., Musche, V., Schweda, A., Fink, M., Dinse, H., Weismüller, B., Dörrie, N., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.768132 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The development of a self‐report scale to assess therapists' acceptance of telepsychotherapy
Békés, V., Doorn, K. A., McCollum, J. K., Prout, T. A., & Hoffman, L. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23289 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Potential of Mobile Technology to Relieve the Urgent Mental Health Needs in China: Web-Based Survey
Tan, Y., Teng, Z., Qiu, Y., Tang, H., Xiang, H., & Chen, J. (2020) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/16215 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“First, some studies have shown that low e-mental health awareness (e-awareness) and the digital divide of patients with severe mental illness might hinder the future use and perceived helpfulness of mobile services [13,14].”
BackgroundMcCall, H. C., Sison, A. P., Burnett, J. L., Beahm, J. D., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176026 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Titzler, I., Berking, M., Schlicker, S., Riper, H., & Ebert, D. D. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/18642 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Digital systemic practices in Europe: a survey before the Covid‐19 pandemic
Borcsa, M., Pomini, V., & Saint‐Mont, U. (2020) · Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/1467-6427.12308 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Békés, V., Doorn, K. A., & Bőthe, B. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2760 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Do, R., Park, J.-R., Lee, S. Y., Cho, M.-J., Kim, J.-S., & Shin, M. (2019) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2019.07.17.4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Özer, Ö., Köksal, B., & Altınok, A. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100722 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“It was created using fundamental studies (Apolin ´ ario-Hagen et al., 2018, 2017; Berle et al., 2015), and tailored based on clinical observations to reflect the unique aspects of patient preferences and practical application.”
MethodClough, B. A., Eigeland, J. A., Madden, I., Rowland, D., & Casey, L. M. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100256 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“It has been argued that this is likely due to the limited theoretically driven research in this field (Donkin et al., 2011; Beatty and Binnion, 2016; Apolinário-Hagen et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMancinelli, E., Gritti, E. S., Lomoriello, A. S., Salcuni, S., Lingiardi, V., & Boldrini, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726864 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Who’s Logging on? Differing Attitudes about Online Therapy
Knechtel, L. M., & Erickson, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2020.1833810 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Schuster, R., Fischer, E., Jansen, C., Napravnik, N., Rockinger, S., Steger, N., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100551 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Importantly, BT has been reported to yield higher acceptance rates among addressed stakeholders compared to pure Internet interventions (Apolinário-Hagen et al., 2017; Dorow et al., 2018; Topooco et al., 2017; Schuster et al., 2020a).”
BackgroundHarrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Drüge, M., Krings, L., Beck, K., Salewski, C., Zarski, A., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00361 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Inclination to use Internet-based services has been found to be greatest among students reporting high levels of perceived stress (30, 31).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPetros, N. G., Hadlaczky, G., Carletto, S., González-Martínez, S., Ostacoli, L., Ottaviano, M., Meyer, B., Scilingo, E. P., & Carli, V. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/33734 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Marín-Farrona, M. J., León-Jiménez, M., García‐Unanue, J., Gallardo, L., Crespo-Ruiz, C., & Crespo-Ruiz, B. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124410 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“However, it is important to ensure the workers do not perceive this monitoring negatively; although technology can help with data collection, sometimes people do not react positively to e-health intervention [58].”
BackgroundInternetbasierte Therapie in der Versorgung von Patienten mit depressiven Störungen: Ein Überblick
Backenstrass, M., & Wolf, M. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000339 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Armaou, M. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13020114 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Burgess, S., Junne, F., Rothermund, E., Zipfel, S., Gündel, H., Rieger, M. A., & Michaelis, M. (2019) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-019-01414-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Woodford, J., Månberg, J., Cajander, Å., Enebrink, P., Harila‐Saari, A. H., Hagström, J., Karlsson, M., Solimena, H. P., & von Essén, L. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041350 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Meaklim, H., Abbott, J.-A., Kennedy, G. A., Murray, G., Klein, B., & Rehm, I. C. (2018) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12374 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Harrer, M., Dederichs, M., Fritsche, L., Wopperer, J., Wals, F., Loerbroks, A., Lehr, D., Salewski, C., Angerer, P., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEjiri, H., Uchida, H., Tsuchiya, K., Fujiwara, K., Kikuchi, S., & Hirao, K. (2023) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s415937 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Linardon, J., Westrupp, E. M., Macdonald, J. A., Mikocka‐Walus, A. A., Stokes, M. A., Greenwood, C. J., Youssef, G. J., Teague, S. J., Hutchinson, D. M., Sciberras, E., et al. (2021) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674211065985 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…relative to traditional face-to-face forms of treatment (Linardon et al., 2020a), preference for face-to-face if mental health symptoms are particularly pronounced (Apolinário-Hagen et al., 2018), or fear or lack of awareness of non-traditional forms of treatment (Apolinário-Hagen et al., 2017b).”
BackgroundUser experiences of an online therapist-guided psychotherapy platform, OPTT: A cross-sectional study
Stephenson, C., Moghimi, E., Gutiérrez, G., Jagayat, J., Layzell, G., Patel, C. B., Omrani, M., & Alavi, N. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100623 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Arabatzoudis, T., Rehm, I. C., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2021) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2021.100689 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zare, Z., & Jebraeily, M. (2018) · Acta Informatica Medica · doi:10.5455/aim.2018.26.102-105 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Findings of the study by Hagen et al (2017) showed that most patients believed that the use of ICT tools improve healthcare and easy access to needed information, but less preferences to use internet-based therapies in case of mental health problems (28).”
BackgroundTeles, S., Ferreira, A., & Paúl, C. (2020) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13227 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Benz, F., Grolig, L., Hannibal, S., Buntrock, C., Cuijpers, P. J., Domschke, K., Ebert, D. D., Ell, J., Janneck, M., Jenkner, C., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08214-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Besides the limitations of previous clinical trials, numerous patients and practitioners continue to hold the belief that face-to-face treatments yield better outcomes than internet-delivered interventions, and there are concerns about the efficacy of the latter [31].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGrüneberg, C., Bäuerle, A., Karunakaran, S., Darici, D., Dörrie, N., Teufel, M., Benson, S., & Robitzsch, A. (2024) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/58183 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
von der Groeben, S., Czaplicki, A., Hegerl, U., & Reich, H. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100622 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ellis, D. M., & Anderson, P. L. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/43929 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“In some studies, acceptability was operationalized using single Likert scale items measuring willingness to use an intervention [20,26,27], and in other studies, researchers developed their own measure of acceptability [19,28].”
Zagorscak, P., Heinrich, M., Bohn, J., Stein, J., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2019) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1484 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Connected Mental Health Solutions: Global Attitudes, Preferences, and Concerns
Drissi, N., Ouhbi, S., Serhani, M. A., Marques, G., & Díez, I. D. L. T. (2022) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2022.0036 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mehrotra, S., R., S. K. C., Gandotra, A., Sudhir, P. M., Thirthalli, J., & Rao, G. N. (2017) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172059 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Du, E., Quayle, E., & Macleod, H. (2021) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x21000210 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Anteneh, D. S., Kelkay, J. M., Wubneh, H. D., Beshir, M. A., & Gashu, K. D. (2025) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/20503121241307136 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Steubl, L., Büscher, R., Sander, L., Baumel, A., Barck, K., Sachser, C., Fegert, J. M., Brähler, E., Baumeister, H., & Domhardt, M. (2025) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.15233 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tan, C. H., Koo, A. C., Rahmat, H., Siew, W. F., Cheang, A. W. O., & Sharji, E. A. (2022) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.73482.1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Alsaqqa, H. H., & Alwawi, A. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142443 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Facilitators were identified as making it simpler for users to get services they would not otherwise have access to (26, 27) and removing the need for them to travel far to a health center (28).”
BackgroundBosbach, K., Schulte, J., & Martin, A. (2024) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.10.001 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Landry, C. A., Beahm, J. D., McCall, H. C., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20085592 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nur auf Einladung? Wie die Rekrutierungsstrategie beeinflusst, wer online behandelt wird
Zagorscak, P., Bohn, J., Heinrich, M., Kampisiou, C., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2019) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000502018 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
KSAO based Competency Model for an Effective Practice of Tele-Counseling in Pakistan
Khan, S., Faisal, K., & Rashid, A. (2022) · Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology · doi:10.52053/jpap.v3i2.98 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Breast Cancer Survivors’ Attitudes toward eMental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Mendes-Santos, C., Campos, T., Ferreira, D., Weiderpass, E., Santana, R. M., & Andersson, G. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11131920 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Erus, S. M., & Uğur, E. Ç. (2024) · Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal · doi:10.14812/cuefd.1421214 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Digital Therapies for Insomnia
Jackson, M. L., Meaklim, H., & Mason, E. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10698-9_6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Only on Invitation? How the Recruitment Strategy Determines Who Is Treated Online
Zagorscak, P., Bohn, J., Heinrich, M., Kampisiou, C., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2019) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000503407 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Michaelis, M., Burgess, S., Junne, F., Rothermund, E., Gündel, H., Zipfel, S., Wolf, M., & Rieger, M. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.508622 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“(10), with a correlation between a positive evaluation of web-based therapies and self-reported distress at the time of study participation.”
BackgroundResultMondragón-Gómez, R., Martínez-Vélez, N., Fernández-Torres, M., & Sainz, M. A. T. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00747-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“For example, researchers have assessed the acceptability of web-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) (Apolinário-Hagen et al., 2017; McCall et al., 2020; Friesen et al., 2014), computer-based CBT (Stallard et al., 2010; Fleming & Merry, 2013; Vigerland et al., 2014), and the use of various technologies applied to…”
BackgroundKamarsu, S., & Anderson, P. L. (2024) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2024.10.365 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Advincula, J. L., & Sunga, A. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.41135
Advincula, J. L., & Sunga, A. (2022) · Espergesia · doi:10.18050/rev.espergesia.v9i2.2320
Levy, L. S., & Lowe, K. B. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00155-7
ประสบการณของนกจตวทยาการปรกษาทใหบรการผานชองทางออนไลน
บุญสิทธิ์วิจิตร, เ., เต้พันธ์, ณ., & อารีกิจ, พ. (2021) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2021.574
Staccini, L., Cavadini, D., Gravagnuolo, R., Olivetti, E., Bongiovanni, C., Calati, R., Madeddu, F., Mandelli, L., & Porcelli, S. (2023) · QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA · doi:10.3280/qpc53-2023oa16934
Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes Towards Digital Technology to Support Their Mental Wellbeing
Bonello, S., & Buttiġieġ, S. C. (2024) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5991-4.ch010
Auyeung, L., Mak, W. W. S., & Tsang, E. Z. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/55450
“As compared to previous studies on the acceptance of digital mental health treatment services (eg, [19,67]), this study included both digital and nondigital options.”
Yukang, X., & Zhu, L. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781107165250.034
Serious Games in Mental Health Treatment
Huss, J. H., & Eichenberg, C. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781107165250.036
Some effects of COVID-19 pandemic on psychotherapy
Ilić, I. S. (2024) · Acta Clinica Croatica · doi:10.20471/acc.2024.63.01.20
Third-Order Cybernetics: Systemic Practices Go Digital
Borcsa, M., & Pomini, V. (2025) · European Family Therapy Association series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92225-1_1
Hsiao, F., Chen, Y.-J., Lin, K., Wang, Y.-C., & Liao, L. (2025) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053251392564
“The internal consistency of the ETAM was shown to be strong, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.89 for the total scale, 0.83 for PU, and 0.87 for RA (Apolinário-Hagen et al., 2017).”
InfluentialBenz, F., Grolig, L., Hannibal, S., Buntrock, C., Cuijpers, P., Domschke, K., Ebert, D. D., Ell, J., Janneck, M., Jenkner, C., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26731849
Mayer, G., Lemmer, D., von Koenigsmarck, B. G., Friederich, H., & Bauer, S. (2026) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01518-1
“In line with previous work [31], mean scores 1.5 (a median score of 0 or 1) were defined as negative, values between 1.5 and 2.49 (median score of 2) as neutral, and scores ≥ 2.5 (median scores of 3 or 4) as positive attitudes toward guided internet interventions.”
InfluentialPreferences for e-Mental Health Interventions in Germany: A Discrete Choice ExperimentPreprint
Himmler, S., & Phillips, E. A. (2021) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Zwilling, M., Klein, G., Barak, S., Shtainmetz, N., Tesler, R., & Zigdon, A. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/91484
“Factors were identified based on eigenvalues greater than 1 [49,50].”
Claes, S., Vandepitte, S., Clays, E., & Annemans, L. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-05013-3
“More favorable attitudes are associated with prior experience, greater knowledge, expected benefits, and perceived convenience of e-mental health [23, 26].”
Influentialla Rosa-Gómez, A. D., Valencia, P. D., Rodríguez, A. D., Valerio, E. B., Gil-Bernal, F. D. M. E., & Flores-Plata, L. A. (2026) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-026-00714-3
Coverdale, G., Kuzminski, R., Magiati, I., Perry, Y., Badcock, N. A., & Alvares, G. A. (2026) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.reia.2026.203044
- Authors
- Apolinário-Hagen, J., Vehreschild, V., & Alkoudmani, R. M.
- Affiliations
- FernUniversität in Hagen (DE)
- International Islamic University Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Apolinário-Hagen, Jennifer
- Venue
- JMIR Mental Health
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2017-02-23
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e8
- ISSN
- 2368-7959 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5378055
- OpenAlex
- W2591368092
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 10.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- e-mental health, internet-based psychotherapy, public attitudes, help-seeking, perceived stress, access to mental health care, helplessness
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