Does Screening High School Students for Psychological Distress, Deliberate Self-Harm, or Suicidal Ideation Cause Distress – And Is It Acceptable?: An Australian-Based Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Programs designed to detect students at risk of depression and suicidality have shown success (Shaffer et al., 2004). AIMS: The current study sought to examine whether or not such a program was acceptable to participants and whether or not it caused distress. METHODS: Participants were boys aged 14 to 16. Participants were assessed using an on-line questionnaire; acceptability was measured via postal questionnaire. RESULTS: Of 272 participants, 31 (11.4%) were considered at-risk; 13 required ongoing support, 8 of whom had not previously sought help. Overall screening did not appear to cause significant undue distress, although some differences were evident between at-risk and not at-risk students. All participants found the program acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: When conducted carefully, early detection programs can be an effective and acceptable method of identifying at-risk adolescents.
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Prior studies of suicide-risk screening have primarily focused on high school students and adolescents who have received in-patient psychiatric care, leaving a gap in understanding effects on younger children and those without psychiatric chief complaints.
“However, these studies have primarily focused on high school students11,14 and adolescents who have received in-patient psychiatric care,15 leaving a gap in our understanding of the effects of suicide-risk screening on younger children and those without psychiatric chief complaints.”
From Asking Preadolescents About Suicide Is Not Associated With Increased Suicidal Thoughts (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
Research indicates that the measurement of suicidal behaviours in adolescents is acceptable and does not pose an iatrogenic risk.
“Research indicates that the measurement of suicidal behaviours in adolescents is acceptable and does not pose an iatrogenic risk [32].”
From Silence is deadly: a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a mental health help-seeking intervention for young men (2017) · cites this paper as [32]
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Rongen, W. C. H., Creemers, D. H. M., Spijker, J., Vermulst, A. A., & Rasing, S. P. A. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06955-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…and skill to identify and respond to adolescents with depressive symptoms or suicidality [9, 43]; universal early detection to identify adolescents at high-risk and to effectively refer them to mental health care [44, 45]; and an intervention that prevent deterioration of depressive symptoms.”
Iza-Fernández, C., González‐Roz, A., García-Fernández, J., Cuesta‐López, I., & Postigo, Á. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-025-01531-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“In schools or universities, early detection of at-risk students can help prevent transition to mental health disorders and negative outcomes such as poor performance and dropping out (Burns & Rapee, 2021; Robinson et al., 2011).”
In‐Albon, T., Kathmann, V., & Kieweg, K. (2025) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a001047 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Didaskalou, E. S., Briesch, A. M., Volpe, R. J., & Roussi‐Vergou, C. (2023) · International Journal of School & Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/21683603.2023.2252374 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…teachers are in the best position to implement the universal screening of students and that both teachers and learners favor whole-class screening and interventions to avoid the stigmatizing of individual students (Burns & Rapee, 2021; Cortés-Ramos & Landa-Blanco, 2021; Robinson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundZhan, Q., & Xia, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858903 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Finally, previous researchers have also examined the effects of subjects’ participation in suiciderelated questionnaire screenings (Gould et al., 2005; Deeley and Love, 2010; Robinson et al., 2011; Mathias et al., 2012; Whitlock et al., 2013; Law et al., 2015; Beurs et al., 2016; Harris, 2016; Crawford et al., 2018; H…”
BackgroundSikorski, F., Löwe, B., Daubmann, A., & Kohlmann, S. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59476 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Does answering survey questions about mental health cause distress?Preprint
Paing, L., O'Keefe, K., McMurtrie, B. L., & Williams, M. N. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/pqnvx · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Langlands, R. L. (2012) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16998277.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Boram, C. (2015) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Impact of psychological monitors' interview about suicide on college students' negative emotion
Zhan, Q., Xia, T., Zhang, L., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22922
Didaskalou, E. S., Briesch, A. M., Volpe, R. J., & Roussi‐Vergou, C. (2024) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-024-00495-7
Winestone, B. C., Melvin, G. A., Tatnell, R., & Hallford, D. J. (2024) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.13256
Rapee, R. M., Kuhnert, R., Bowsher, I., Burns, J. R., Dixon, J. E., Lourey, C., McLellan, L. F., Prendergast, T., & Wuthrich, V. M. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22121825
“Parental acceptance also extends to screening students for self-harm and suicidal ideation, with more than 85% of parents expressing support [16,17].”
Braund, T. A., Baker, S. T. E., Subotic-Kerry, M., Tillman, G., Evans, N. J., Mackinnon, A. J., Christensen, H. M., & O’Dea, B. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26701177
Dong, X., Pang, X., Chen, Y., Li, J., Xie, Y., Zhao, Q., Zhu, Z., Fu, C., Chen, Y., & Wang, N. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-26766-x
“Additionally, multivariate analysis indicated that concern about the potential negative implications of [40], although multiple studies have found no adverse psychological effects from such screenings [41, 42].”
Palmer, C., Patterson, P., & Tuomainen, H. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2026.06.002
Intentional substance exposures at school reported to United States poison centers, 2000–2024
Bienfang, A., Hays, H. L., Badeti, J., Rine, N. I., Zhu, M., Yang, J., & Smith, G. A. (2026) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2026.08.031
Želvienė, P., Kairytė, A., Pakeltytė, E., & Kazlauskas, E. (2026) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2026.2726598
- Authors
- Robinson, J., Pan Yuen, H., Martin, C., Hughes, A., Baksheev, G. N., Dodd, S., Bapat, S., Schwass, W., McGorry, P., & Yung, A. R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Venue
- Crisis
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2011-09-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 254-263
- ISSN
- 0227-5910 (ISSN-L)
- 2151-2396
- OpenAlex
- W2116077904
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Crisis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- suicide risk screening, high school students, adolescent depression, suicidal ideation, self-harm, psychological distress, acceptability, early detection programs, at-risk youth, boys, help-seeking
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Depression, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Students, Victoria, Self-Injurious Behavior, Suicidal Ideation
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