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Cited by 42Geological and Geochemical AnalysisGeological and Geophysical StudiesPaleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils

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The Magmatic Architecture of Continental Flood Basalts I: Observations From the Deccan Traps

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Mittal, Tushar, Richards, Mark A., Fendley, Isabel M.·2021·Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
DOI 10.1029/2021jb021808

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Abstract

Flood basalts are some of the largest magmatic events in Earth history, with intrusion and eruption of millions of km 3 of basaltic magma over a short time period (∼1–5 Ma). A typical continental flood basalt (CFB) is emplaced in hundreds of individual eruptive episodes lasting decades to centuries with lava flow volumes of 10 3 –10 4 km 3 . These large volumes have logically led to CFB models invoking large magma reservoirs ( –10 5 km 3 ) within the crust or at Moho depth. Since there are currently no active CFB provinces, we must rely on observations of past CFBs with varying degrees of surface exposure to develop and test models. In the last few decades, significant improvements in geochronological, geochemical, paleomagnetic, volcanological, and paleo‐proxy measurements have provided high‐resolution constraints on CFB eruptive tempo ‐ the volume, duration, and frequency of individual eruptive episodes. Using the well‐studied Deccan Traps as an archetype for CFB systems, we compile multiple lines of evidence–geochronology, eruption tempo, dike spatial distribution, intrusive‐extrusive ratio, geochemical variations, and volcanological observations–to assess the viability of previous models. We find that the presence of just a few large crustal magma reservoirs is inconsistent with these constraints. Although observations from the Deccan Traps primarily motivate our model, we discuss constraints from other CFBs to illustrate that this conclusion may be broadly applicable for CFB magmatic systems in general.

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Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 36

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Metadata

Authors
Mittal, T., Richards, M. A., & Fendley, I. M.
Affiliations
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Mittal, Tushar
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2021-12
Volume
126
Issue
12
ISSN
  • 2169-9313 (ISSN-L)
  • 2169-9356
DOI
10.1029/2021jb021808
OpenAlex
W3126930214
Cited by
42
References
429
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2
FWCI
3.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
National Science Foundation (1615203)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › Geological and Geophysical Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Keywords
continental flood basalts, Deccan Traps, magma chamber, basalt geochemistry, geochronology, crustal magma storage

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