The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A unified account of cognitive impairments following frontal lobe damage: The role of working memory in complex, organized behavior.
Abstract
A computer model is presented that performs 4 tasks sometimes impaired by frontal damage: motor sequencing, the Stroop task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and a context memory task. In each task, patterns of performance typical of frontal-damaged patients are shown to result from the same type of damage to the model, specifically, weakening of associations among elements in working memory. The simulation shows how a single underlying type of damage could result in impairments on a variety of seemingly distinct tasks. Furthermore, the hypothesized damage affects the processing components that carry out the task rather than a distinct central executive.
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“Even though the same inhibition term is used to describe these requirements, those processes may be dissociable [161, 164], and in some cases, may not involve inhibition (i.e., neural inhibition) at all [165, 166].”
From The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function (2022) · cites this paper as [166]
Citations
Cites
Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
Stroop, J. R. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054651 · Cited by 18,622
Plum, F. (1960) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1960.03840090124020 · Cited by 10,364
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. B
Press, H. (1886) · Cited by 10,080
Anderson, J. R. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9781315799438 · Cited by 6,761
Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review.
MacLeod, C. M. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163 · Cited by 5,500
Wilson, E. O. (1971) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,756
Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986) · Consciousness and Self-Regulation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1_1 · Cited by 4,455
A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory
Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.1.122 · Cited by 4,153
Specific impairments of planning
Shallice, T. (1982) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0082 · Cited by 3,741
A Modified Card Sorting Test Sensitive to Frontal Lobe Defects
Nelson, H. E. (1976) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(76)80035-4 · Cited by 2,454
Cited by
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 · Cited by 15,798
Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · Cited by 5,478
Executive functions and developmental psychopathology.
Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x · Cited by 3,150
Davidson, M. C., Amso, D., Anderson, L. C., & Diamond, A. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.006 · Cited by 2,226
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2002) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196323 · Cited by 2,229
Metadata
- Authors
- Kimberg, D. Y., & Farah, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- ORCID
- Farah, Martha J.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 1993
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 411-428
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- OpenAlex
- W2081186295
- Cited by
- 442
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 11.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1k04ns001405-01, 7r01mh048274-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH48274)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K04NS01405)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- frontal lobe damage, working memory, cognitive impairment, computer simulation, motor sequencing, Stroop task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, contextual memory, central executive, executive function
- MeSH terms
- Brain Diseases, Cognition Disorders, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Motor Skills, Task Performance and Analysis
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A unified account of cognitive impairments following frontal lobe damage: The role of working memory in complex, organized behavior. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0096-3445.122.4.411
- The paper
- Kimberg, D. Y., & Farah, M. J. (1993). A unified account of cognitive impairments following frontal lobe damage: The role of working memory in complex, organized behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.122.4.411
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
