The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A unified account of cognitive impairments following frontal lobe damage: The role of working memory in complex, organized behavior.
Abstract
A computer model is presented that performs 4 tasks sometimes impaired by frontal damage: motor sequencing, the Stroop task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and a context memory task. In each task, patterns of performance typical of frontal-damaged patients are shown to result from the same type of damage to the model, specifically, weakening of associations among elements in working memory. The simulation shows how a single underlying type of damage could result in impairments on a variety of seemingly distinct tasks. Furthermore, the hypothesized damage affects the processing components that carry out the task rather than a distinct central executive.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Even though the same inhibition term is used to describe these requirements, those processes may be dissociable [161, 164], and in some cases, may not involve inhibition (i.e., neural inhibition) at all [165, 166].”
From The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function (2022) · cites this paper as [166]
Citations
Cites
Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
Stroop, J. R. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054651 · Cited by 18,622
Plum, F. (1960) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1960.03840090124020 · Cited by 10,364
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. B
Press, H. (1886) · Cited by 10,080
Anderson, J. R. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9781315799438 · Cited by 6,761
Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review.
MacLeod, C. M. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163 · Cited by 5,500
Wilson, E. O. (1971) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,756
Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986) · Consciousness and Self-Regulation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1_1 · Cited by 4,455
A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory
Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.1.122 · Cited by 4,153
Specific impairments of planning
Shallice, T. (1982) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0082 · Cited by 3,741
A Modified Card Sorting Test Sensitive to Frontal Lobe Defects
Nelson, H. E. (1976) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(76)80035-4 · Cited by 2,454
The Prefrontal Cortex: Anatomy, Physiology, and Neuropsychology of the Frontal Lobe
Fuster, J. M. (1980) · Cited by 2,367
Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. (1948) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0059831 · Cited by 2,244
Effects of Different Brain Lesions on Card Sorting: The Role of the Frontal Lobes
MILNER, B. (1963) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1963.00460070100010 · Cited by 2,217
The Adaptive Character of Thought
Massaro, D. W., Friedman, D., & Anderson, J. R. (1991) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423253 · Cited by 2,174
Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.97.3.332 · Cited by 2,139
Kintsch, W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,049
DEFICITS IN STRATEGY APPLICATION FOLLOWING FRONTAL LOBE DAMAGE IN MAN
SHALLICE, T., & BURGESS, P. W. (1991) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/114.2.727 · Cited by 2,017
(1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,882
Carpenter, P. A., Just, M. A., & Shell, P. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.404 · Cited by 1,648
Context, cortex, and dopamine: A connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia.
Cohen, J. D., & Servan-Schreiber, D. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.1.45 · Cited by 1,479
Consciousness and Self-Regulation: Advances in Research and Theory Volume 2
(1978) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2571-0 · Cited by 1,362
Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes.
Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.1.3 · Cited by 1,073
Perret, E. (1974) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(74)90047-5 · Cited by 1,007
Dempster, F. N. (1992) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/0273-2297(92)90003-k · Cited by 992
Some effects of frontal lobectomy in man
Milner, B. A. (1964) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 910
Formal Reductions of the General Combinatorial Decision Problem
Post, E. L. (1943) · American Journal of Mathematics · doi:10.2307/2371809 · Cited by 850
(1964) · McGraw-Hill eBooks · Cited by 838
Recognition and retrieval processes in free recall.
Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0033773 · Cited by 820
‘Utilization behaviour’ and its relation to lesions of the frontal lobes
LHERMITTE, F. (1983) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/106.2.237 · Cited by 747
Source memory impairment in patients with frontal lobe lesions
Janowsky, J. S., Shimamura, A. P., & Squire, L. R. (1989) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(89)90184-x · Cited by 650
Schemata and Sequential Thought Processes in PDP Models
RUMELHART, D. E., SMOLENSKY, P., McCLELLAND, J. L., & HINTON, G. E. (1988) · Readings in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-1446-7.50020-0 · Cited by 626
Retrieval without recollection: An experimental analysis of source amnesia
Schacter, D. L., Harbluk, J. L., & McLachlan, D. R. (1984) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(84)90373-6 · Cited by 528
Wisconsin card sorting test performance as a measure of frontal lobe damage
(1991) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602019108520169 · Cited by 506
Memory for the temporal order of events in patients with frontal lobe lesions and amnesic patients
Shimamura, A. P., Janowsky, J. S., & Squire, L. R. (1990) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(90)90004-8 · Cited by 493
Production System Models of Learning and Development
(1987) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5605.001.0001 · Cited by 487
Disorganisation of behaviour after frontal lobe damage
Duncan, J. (1986) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643298608253360 · Cited by 452
The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions
Diamond, A. D. (1990) · Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College) · Cited by 446
Some cognitive effects of frontal-lobe lesions in man
Milner, B. A. (1982) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0083 · Cited by 426
ACQUISITION OF A MOTOR SKILL AFTER LEFT-HEMISPHERE DAMAGE
KIMURA, D. (1977) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/100.3.527 · Cited by 423
Sandson, J., & Albert, M. L. (1984) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(84)90098-8 · Cited by 394
The Effect of Type and Area of Brain Lesion on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Performance
Drewe, E. A. (1974) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(74)80006-7 · Cited by 392
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: theoretical analysis and modeling in a neuronal network
Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J.-P. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.62 · Cited by 348
Memory, amnesia, and frontal lobe dysfunction
Schacter, D. L. (1987) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03327261 · Cited by 297
A propositional theory of recognition memory
Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1974) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03196896 · Cited by 286
Comparisons between forms of amnesia: Some deficits are unique to Korsakoff's syndrome.
Squire, L. R. (1982) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.8.6.560 · Cited by 257
The performance of human infants on a measure of frontal cortex function, the delayed response task
Diamond, A., & Doar, B. (1989) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.420220307 · Cited by 254
Localization in neuropsychology
Kertesz, A. (1983) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 247
Bilateral frontal lobe disease and selective delayed response deficits in humans.
Freedman, M., & Oscar‐Berman, M. (1986) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.100.3.337 · Cited by 240
Left-hemisphere control of oral and brachial movements and their relation to communication
Kimura, D. (1982) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0077 · Cited by 235
Jacobsen, C. F. (1936) · Cited by 225
THE FRONTAL LOBE IN MAN: A CLINICAL STUDY OF MAXIMUM REMOVALS
PENFIELD, W., & EVANS, J. (1935) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/58.1.115 · Cited by 193
Luria, A. R., Pribram, K. H., & Homskaya, E. D. (1964) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(64)90034-x · Cited by 184
Performance of complex arm and facial movements after focal brain lesions
Kolb, B. E., & Milner, B. A. (1981) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(81)90016-6 · Cited by 182
TWO KINDS OF MOTOR PERSEVERATION IN MASSIVE INJURY OF THE FRONTAL LOBES
Luria, A. R. (1965) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/88.1.1 · Cited by 173
Modeling some effects of frontal lobe damage—Novelty and perseveration
Levine, D. S., & Prueitt, P. S. (1989) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/0893-6080(89)90027-0 · Cited by 160
A Simple Model of Prefrontal Cortex Function in Delayed-Response Tasks
Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J. (1989) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1989.1.3.244 · Cited by 127
Memory impairment following ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery
Parkin, A. J., Leng, N. R. C., Stanhope, N., & Smith, A. P. (1988) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(88)90032-2 · Cited by 88
Unified model of attention and problem solving.
Hunt, E. B., & Lansman, M. (1986) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.93.4.446 · Cited by 73
Error recognition and utilization produced by injury to the frontal cortex in man
Konow, A., & Pribram, K. H. (1970) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(70)90044-8 · Cited by 72
Frontal Lobe Lesions and Behavior*
Andy, O. J., WEBSTER, J. S., & CARRANZA, J. (1981) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-198108000-00022 · Cited by 70
Manual sequence learning after focal cortical lesions
Jason, G. W. (1985) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(85)90003-x · Cited by 38
Cited by
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 · Cited by 15,798
Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · Cited by 5,478
Executive functions and developmental psychopathology.
Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x · Cited by 3,150
Davidson, M. C., Amso, D., Anderson, L. C., & Diamond, A. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.006 · Cited by 2,226
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2002) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196323 · Cited by 2,229
Metadata
- Authors
- Kimberg, D. Y., & Farah, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- ORCID
- Farah, Martha J.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 1993
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 411-428
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- OpenAlex
- W2081186295
- Cited by
- 442
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 11.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1k04ns001405-01, 7r01mh048274-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH48274)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K04NS01405)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- frontal lobe damage, working memory, cognitive impairment, computer simulation, motor sequencing, Stroop task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, contextual memory, central executive, executive function
- MeSH terms
- Brain Diseases, Cognition Disorders, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Motor Skills, Task Performance and Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
