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Cited by 2,229Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Abilities and TestingCognitive Functions and Memory

The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective

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Kane, Michael J., Engle, Randall W.·2002·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
DOI 10.3758/bf03196323
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Abstract

We provide an "executive-attention" framework for organizing the cognitive neuroscience research on the constructs of working-memory capacity (WMC), general fluid intelligence, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. Rather than provide a novel theory of PFC function, we synthesize a wealth of single-cell, brain-imaging, and neuropsychological research through the lens of our theory of normal individual differences in WMC and attention control (Engle, Kane, & Tuholski, 1999; Engle, Tuholski, Laughlin, & Conway, 1999). Our critical review confirms the prevalent view that dorsolateral PFC circuitry is critical to executive-attention functions. Moreover, although the dorsolateral PFC is but one critical structure in a network of anterior and posterior "attention control" areas, it does have a unique executive-attention role in actively maintaining access to stimulus representations and goals in interference-rich contexts. Our review suggests the utility of an executive-attention framework for guiding future research on both PFC function and cognitive control.

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  • The prefrontal cortex plays a key role in working memory in both healthy subjects and people with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.

    “The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in WM in both healthy subjects and people with psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (see Kane & Engle, 2002 for review; Lett et al., 2014; Slifstein et al., 2015).”

    From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Kane & Engle, 2002

    The Human Research section says that studies with healthy subjects and brain-injured patients show significant dorsolateral PFC involvement in working-memory tasks, particularly when information must be maintained despite interference. The copy does not establish the same working-memory role in people with schizophrenia; its mention of schizophrenia in the Conclusions concerns healthy adults matched to schizophrenia patients, not the patients’ working memory. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Optimal levels of dopamine in PFC are essential for WM performance.

    “In general, optimal levels of dopamine in PFC are essential for WM performance”

    From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Kane & Engle, 2002

    The section “Converging Models of PFC Involvement in Working-Memory Capacity” (page unavailable) describes dopamine circuits as potentially helping the PFC maintain and update working-memory representations, but calls the proposal speculative. It does not establish that optimal dopamine levels in the PFC are essential for working-memory performance. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W.
Affiliations
  • University of North Carolina at Greensboro (US)
  • Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author
  • Kane, Michael J.
  • Engle, Randall W.
ORCID
Venue
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2002-12
Volume
9
Issue
4
Pages
637-671
ISSN
  • 1069-9384 (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-5320
DOI
10.3758/bf03196323
OpenAlex
W2151179877
Cited by
2,229
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 57 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 126 · 2019: 100 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 140 · 2016: 134 · 2015: 135 · 2014: 151 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 121
FWCI
2.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01hd027490-03)
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD27490-01A1)
  • Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords
prefrontal cortex, working memory capacity, executive attention, individual differences, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cognitive control, attentional control, interference, goal maintenance, stimulus representation
MeSH terms
Animals, Attention, Brain Mapping, Biological Evolution, Humans, Individuality, Intelligence, Nerve Net, Phylogeny, Mental Recall, Prefrontal Cortex

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