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In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors.
Open accessAbstract
How people intentionally change addictive behaviors with and without treatment is not well understood by behavioral scientists. This article summarizes research on self-initiated and professionally facilitated change of addictive behaviors using the key trans-theoretical constructs of stages and processes of change. Modification of addictive behaviors involves progression through five stages--pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance--and individuals typically recycle through these stages several times before termination of the addiction. Multiple studies provide strong support for these stages as well as for a finite and common set of change processes used to progress through the stages. Research to date supports a trans-theoretical model of change that systematically integrates the stages with processes of change from diverse theories of psychotherapy.
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“Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross propuseram, em 1992, que há diversos estágios relacionados a comportamentos adictivos que definirão a prontidão de um indivíduo em abandonar o uso de substâncias.16”
From Terapia cognitivo-comportamental de transtornos de abuso de álcool e drogas (2008) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“given that individual health behavior change tends to happen gradually (18, 19).”
From An Ecological Study of a Universal Employee Depression Awareness and Stigma Reduction Intervention: “Right Direction” (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“The model proposes that an individual can be at 1 of 5 stages: (1) precontemplation, not intending to change; (2) contemplation, intending to change in the foreseeable future; (3) preparation, intending to change in the immediate future; (4) action, making overt efforts to change; or (5) maintenance, working to stabilize behavior change.”
From Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science (2004) · cites this paper as [97]
In the citing paper
“The health counseling was based on the transtheoretical model of stages of change [25] and a problem-solving model [32], and used motivational interviewing as a counseling technique [21].”
In the citing paper
“Further, some studies have tailored health counseling to the patient’s stage of readiness to change according to the transtheoretical model of stages of change [25] and have demonstrated effects for persons with type 2 diabetes with the use of this model [26,27].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., & Norcross, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1992-09
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1102-1114
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2061320251
- Cited by
- 8,596
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 74 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 135 · 2023: 162 · 2022: 170 · 2021: 264 · 2020: 309 · 2019: 274 · 2018: 288 · 2017: 266 · 2016: 319 · 2015: 367 · 2014: 362 · 2013: 401 · 2012: 400
- FWCI
- 56.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA050087, R01CA027821)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- addictive behavior, stages of change, change processes, transtheoretical model, precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, addiction recovery
- MeSH terms
- Aftercare, Health Maintenance Organizations, Humans, Motivation, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Psychotherapy, Social Support, Smoking Cessation, Behavior, Addictive
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
