The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Infants with autism: an investigation of empathy, pretend play, joint attention, and imitation
Abstract
Systematic studies of infants with autism have not been previously carried out. Taking advantage of a new prospective screening instrument for autism in infancy (S. Baron-Cohen et al., 1996), the present study found that, compared with developmentally delayed and normally developing children, 20-month-old children with autism were specifically impaired on some aspects of empathy, joint attention, and imitation. Infants with autism failed to use social gaze in the empathy and joint attention tasks. Both the infants with autism and the infants with developmental delay demonstrated functional play, but very few participants in either group produced spontaneous pretend play. In the developmental delay group, but not the autism group, pretend play was shown following prompting. The implications of these findings for developmental accounts of autism and for the early diagnosis of the disorder are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“it's abnormalities has been linked to problems with empathy (Charman et al., 1997) and autism (Senju and Johnson, 2009).”
From Connecting minds and sharing emotions through mimicry: A neurocognitive model of emotional contagion (2017) · cites this paper as Charman et al., 1997
Citations
Cites
The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 811
Davis, N., Hsiao, C.-P., Yashraj Singh, K., Li, L., & Magerko, B. (2016) · Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces · doi:10.1145/2856767.2856795 · Cited by 138
Asperger Syndrome and the Development of Social Competence
Gutstein, S. E., & Whitney, T. (2002) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/10883576020170030601 · Cited by 138
Poon, K. K., Watson, L. R., Baranek, G. T., & Poe, M. D. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1349-z · Cited by 146
Gal, E., Bauminger, N., Goren‐Bar, D., Pianesi, F., Stock, O., Zancanaro, M., & Weiss, P. L. (2009) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-009-0199-0 · Cited by 141
Examining correlates of cooperation in autism
Colombi, C., Liebal, K., Tomasello, M., Young, G. S., Warneken, F., & Rogers, S. J. (2009) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361308098514 · Cited by 135
Language outcomes of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: a two year follow‐up
Paul, R., Chawarska, K., Cicchetti, D. V., & Volkmar, F. (2008) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.12 · Cited by 140
Research review: Goals, intentions and mental states: challenges for theories of autism
Hamilton, A. F. D. C. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02098.x · Cited by 140
Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A 10-Year Review
Tanguay, P. E. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200009000-00007 · Cited by 132
Toward a behavioral analysis of joint attention
Dube, W. V., MacDonald, R. P. F., Mansfield, R., Holcomb, W. L., & Ahearn, W. H. (2004) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03393180 · Cited by 135
Genetic and environmental vulnerabilities in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Karmiloff-Smith, A., D’Souza, D., Dekker, T. M., Van Herwegen, J., Xu, F., Rodic, M., & Ansari, D. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121087109 · Cited by 131
Prevention, the appropriate target of infant psychotherapy
Fonagy, P. (1998) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0355(199822)19:2 · Cited by 134
Self-citationDoes the perception of moving eyes trigger reflexive visual orienting in autism?
Swettenham, J., Condie, S., Campbell, R., Milne, E., & Coleman, M. (2003) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1203 · Cited by 130
Self-citationDeviant gaze processing in children with autism: an ERP study
Senju, A., Tojo, Y., Yaguchi, K., & Hasegawa, T. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.12.002 · Cited by 130
Risk markers for SLI: A study of young language-learning children
Conti‐Ramsden, G., & Hesketh, A. (2003) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1080/1368282031000092339 · Cited by 129
Autism Severity and Qualities of Parent–Child Relations
Beurkens, N. M., Hobson, J. A., & Hobson, R. P. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1562-4 · Cited by 149
The Relationship Between Joint Attention and Language in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Murray, D. S., Creaghead, N. A., Manning‐Courtney, P., Shear, P. K., Bean, J. A., & Prendeville, J. (2008) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1088357607311443 · Cited by 139
Nonverbal Communication Skills in Young Children with Autism
Chiang, C., Soong, W., Lin, T.-L., & Rogers, S. J. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0586-2 · Cited by 149
Qualities of Symbolic Play Among Children with Autism: A Social-Developmental Perspective
Hobson, R. P., Lee, A., & Hobson, J. A. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0589-z · Cited by 126
Autism in Infancy and Early Childhood
Chawarska, K., & Volkmar, F. R. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939345.ch8 · Cited by 128
Boucher, J. (2012) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361311430403 · Cited by 142
Word learning in children with autism spectrum disorders.
Luyster, R., & Lord, C. (2009) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016223 · Cited by 130
Identification: The missing link between joint attention and imitation?
Hobson, J. A., & Hobson, R. P. (2007) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579407070204 · Cited by 129
Bio-behavioral synchrony promotes the development of conceptualized emotions
Atzil, S., & Gendron, M. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.009 · Cited by 120
Demiris, Y., & Johnson, M. (2003) · Connection Science · doi:10.1080/09540090310001655129 · Cited by 122
Evaluation of the Relationship Development Intervention Program
Gutstein, S. E., Burgess, A. F., & Montfort, K. (2007) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361307079603 · Cited by 116
Huang, C., Heyes, C. M., & Charman, T. (2002) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.840 · Cited by 116
Self-citationOn Intersubjective Engagement in Autism: A Controlled Study of Nonverbal Aspects of Conversation
García-Pérez, R. M., Lee, A., & Hobson, R. P. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0276-x · Cited by 120
Jawaid, A., Riby, D. M., Owens, J. W. M., White, S. W., Tarar, T. N., & Schulz, P. E. (2011) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01452.x · Cited by 121
On Privileging the Role of Gaze in Infant Social Cognition
Akhtar, N., & Gernsbacher, M. A. (2008) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00044.x · Cited by 126
Helping and cooperation in children with autism
Liebal, K., Colombi, C., Rogers, S. J., Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0381-5 · Cited by 113
The emergence of nonverbal joint attention and requesting skills in young children with autism
Paparella, T., Goods, K. S., Freeman, S. F. N., & Kasari, C. L. (2011) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.08.002 · Cited by 113
McDuffie, A. S., Turner, L. M., Stone, W. L., Yoder, P. J., Wolery, M. R., & Ulman, T. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0175-1 · Cited by 113
Sartorato, F., Przybylowski, L. F., & Sarko, D. K. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.004 · Cited by 115
Cardon, T. A., & Wilcox, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1086-8 · Cited by 111
Srinivasan, S. M., Kaur, M., Park, I. K., Gifford, T. D., Marsh, K. L., & Bhat, A. N. (2015) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2015/736516 · Cited by 126
Sensory and Motor Features in Autism: Assessment and Intervention
Baranek, G. T., Parham, L. D., & Bodfish, J. W. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939352.ch6 · Cited by 113
Schietecatte, I., Roeyers, H., & Warreyn, P. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1209-x · Cited by 118
Practitioner’s Guide to Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infants and Toddlers
Steiner, A. M., Goldsmith, T. R., Snow, A. V., & Chawarska, K. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1376-9 · Cited by 123
Empathy and Prosocial Behavior
Robinson, J. L. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370877-9.00056-6 · Cited by 106
Lewis, J. D., & Elman, J. L. (2007) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00634.x · Cited by 109
Evaluating the importance of social motor synchronization and motor skill for understanding autism
Fitzpatrick, P., Romero, V., Amaral, J. L., Duncan, A. W., Barnard, H. D., Richardson, M. J., & Schmidt, R. C. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1808 · Cited by 104
A Review of Embodiment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Eigsti, I. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00224 · Cited by 116
Identificação dos primeiros sintomas do autismo pelos pais
Zanon, R. B., Backes, B., & Bosa, C. A. (2014) · Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/s0102-37722014000100004 · Cited by 131
Early Identification of Autism
Webb, S. J., & Jones, E. J. H. (2009) · Infants & Young Children · doi:10.1097/iyc.0b013e3181a02f7f · Cited by 105
Lillard, A. S. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy211 · Cited by 106
Fitzpatrick, P., Diorio, R., Richardson, M. J., & Schmidt, R. C. (2013) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2013.00021 · Cited by 111
Autism and joint attention: Young children's responses to maternal bids
Adamson, L. B., McArthur, D., Markov, Y., Dunbar, B., & Bakeman, R. A. (2001) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0193-3973(01)00089-2 · Cited by 108
Klin, A. J., McPartland, J. C., & Volkmar, F. R. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939345.ch4 · Cited by 99
Are there early features of autism in infants and preschool children?
Gray, K. M., & Tonge, B. J. (2001) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1754.2001.00653.x · Cited by 98
Trends in Language Acquisition Research
Abbot‐Smith, K. (2013) · Trends in language acquisition research · doi:10.1075/tilar · Cited by 98
Best practices for teaching joint attention: A systematic review of the intervention literature
White, P. J., O’Reilly, M. F., Streusand, W., Levine, A., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G. E., Fragale, C. L., Pierce, N. P., & Aguilar, J. M. (2011) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.02.003 · Cited by 107
The relation between social engagement and pretend play in autism
Hobson, J. A., Hobson, R. P., Malik, S., Bargiota, K., & Caló, S. (2012) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.2012.02083.x · Cited by 96
Effect of Sensory Feedback on Immediate Object Imitation in Children with Autism
Ingersoll, B., Schreibman, L., & Tran, Q. H. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000006003.26667.f8 · Cited by 95
Iverson, J. M., Northrup, J. B., Leezenbaum, N. B., Parlade, M. V., Koterba, E. A., & West, K. L. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3297-8 · Cited by 108
A World Unto Itself: Human Communication as Active Inference
Vasil, J., Badcock, P. B., Constant, A., Friston, K. J., & Ramstead, M. J. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00417 · Cited by 114
Behavioral assessment of joint attention: A methodological report
MacDonald, R. P. F., Anderson, J. E., Dube, W. V., Geckeler, A. S., Green, G., Holcomb, W. L., Mansfield, R., & Sanchez, J. (2005) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2004.09.006 · Cited by 95
Scambler, D. J., Hepburn, S., Rutherford, M. D., Wehner, E. A., & Rogers, S. J. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0186-y · Cited by 94
Intersubjectivity, Mimetic Schemas and the Emergence of Language
Zlatev, J. (2007) · Intellectica Revue de l Association pour la Recherche Cognitive · doi:10.3406/intel.2007.1281 · Cited by 91
Chevalier, P., Kompatsiari, K., Ciardo, F., & Wykowska, A. (2019) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-019-01689-4 · Cited by 91
Anticipatory concern: a study in autism
Hobson, J. A., Harris, R., García-Pérez, R. M., & Hobson, R. P. (2008) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00762.x · Cited by 88
A Comparison of Social Skills Profiles in Intellectually Disabled Adults With and Without ASD
Wilkins, J. W., & Matson, J. L. (2008) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445508321880 · Cited by 88
Imitation in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Vivanti, G., & Hamilton, A. F. D. C. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118911389.hautc12 · Cited by 92
The Validity of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits: Part 1 (BISCUIT: Part 1)
Matson, J. L., Wilkins, J. W., & Fodstad, J. C. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0973-3 · Cited by 90
The inter-relationships between cerebral visual impairment, autism and intellectual disability
Sylvie Chokron, A., Kovarski, K., Zalla, T., & Dutton, G. N. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.008 · Cited by 98
Rogers, S. J., Cook, I. C., & Meryl, A. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939345.ch14 · Cited by 85
Neural responses to heartbeats distinguish self from other during imagination
Babo-Rebelo, M., Buot, A., & Tallon-Baudry, C. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.012 · Cited by 84
How reward modulates mimicry: EMG evidence of greater facial mimicry of more rewarding happy faces
Sims, T. B., van Reekum, C. M., Johnstone, T., & Chakrabarti, B. (2012) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01377.x · Cited by 91
Do imitation problems reflect a core characteristic in autism? Evidence from a literature review
Vanvuchelen, M., Roeyers, H., & Weerdt, W. D. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.010 · Cited by 86
In Search of the Uniquely Human
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J., Behne, T., & Moll, H. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05540123 · Cited by 89
Social and Nonsocial Factors in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale
Stella, J., Mundy, P. C., & Tuchman, R. F. (1999) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1022111419409 · Cited by 83
Screening for Autism in Young Children
Ibañez, L. V., Stone, W. L., & Coonrod, E. E. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118911389.hautc24 · Cited by 81
Charman, T. (1998) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361398021006 · Cited by 81
Self-citationCharman, T. (2004) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000018075.77941.60 · Cited by 81
Self-citationModeling early cortical serotonergic deficits in autism
BOYLAN, C., Blue, M. E., & Höhmann, C. F. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.026 · Cited by 81
Buon, M., Emmanuel Dupoux, A., Jacob, P., Chaste, P., Leboyer, M., & Zalla, T. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1588-7 · Cited by 89
Joint attention enhances visual working memory.
Gregory, S. E. A., & Jackson, M. C. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xlm0000294 · Cited by 80
Response to distress in infants at risk for autism: a prospective longitudinal study
Hutman, T., Rozga, A., DeLaurentis, A. D., Barnwell, J. M., Sugar, C. A., & Sigman, M. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02270.x · Cited by 85
Pierce-Jordan, S., & Lifter, K. (2005) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/02711214050250010401 · Cited by 80
Infants' sense of people: precursors to a theory of mind
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-1235 · Cited by 80
Joint attention difficulties in autistic adults: An interactive eye-tracking study
Caruana, N., Ham, H. S., Brock, J., Woolgar, A., Kloth, N., Palermo, R., & McArthur, G. M. (2017) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361316676204 · Cited by 78
The validity of the autism spectrum disorders-diagnosis for intellectually disabled adults (ASD-DA)
Matson, J. L., Wilkins, J. W., Boisjoli, J. A., & Smith, K. R. (2007) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2007.09.006 · Cited by 75
Lawrence, K., Campbell, R., Swettenham, J., Terstegge, J., Akers, R., Coleman, M., & Skuse, D. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(03)00002-2 · Cited by 74
Self-citationHorovitz, M., & Matson, J. L. (2010) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518423.2010.501431 · Cited by 76
The role of maternal affect attunement in dyadic and triadic communication
Legerstee, M., Marková, G., & Fisher, T. (2006) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.10.003 · Cited by 73
Precursors of a theory of mind: A longitudinal study
Colonnesi, C., Rieffe, C. J., Koops, W., & Perucchini, P. (2008) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1348/026151008x285660 · Cited by 73
Theory of mind understanding and empathic behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders
Peterson, C. C. (2014) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.002 · Cited by 72
Fiction, imagination, and social cognition: Insights from autism
Barnes, J. L. (2012) · Poetics · doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2012.05.001 · Cited by 75
Drew, A., Baird, G., Taylor, E., Milne, E., & Charman, T. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0224-9 · Cited by 71
Self-citationWarreyn, P., Roeyers, H., & Groote, I. D. (2005) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361305056076 · Cited by 70
So, W., Cheng, C., Lam, W.-Y., Huang, Y., Ng, K.-C., Tung, H.-C., & Wong, W. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04270-z · Cited by 73
Strasberger, S. K., & Ferreri, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-013-9358-9 · Cited by 69
Event Schemas in Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Theory of Mind and Weak Central Coherence
Loth, E., Gómez, J. C., & Happe, F. G. E. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0412-2 · Cited by 77
Geangu, E., Bengà, O., Stahl, D. R., & Striano, T. (2011) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2010.00596.x · Cited by 68
Screening for Autism in Young Children
Coonrod, E. E., & Stone, W. L. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939352.ch1 · Cited by 67
A robot-assisted behavioral intervention system for children with autism spectrum disorders
Yun, S., Kim, H., Choi, J., & Park, S. (2015) · Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1016/j.robot.2015.11.004 · Cited by 69
Sensory Response Patterns in Nonverbal Children with ASD
Patten, E., Ausderau, K., Watson, L. R., & Baranek, G. T. (2013) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2013/436286 · Cited by 74
Characteristics of Infantile Autism
Goin, R. P., & Myers, B. J. (2004) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/10883576040190010201 · Cited by 66
Kim, B. S., Lee, J., Bang, M., Seo, B. A., Khalid, A., Jung, M. W., & Jeon, D. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3581-7 · Cited by 65
Shamay‐Tsoory, S., Lester, H., Chisin, R., Israel, O., Bar‐Shalom, R., Peretz, A., Tomer, R., Tsitrinbaum, Z., & Aharon‐Peretz, J. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.012 · Cited by 66
MacDuff, J. L., Ledo, R., McClannahan, L. E., & Krantz, P. J. (2006) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2006.11.003 · Cited by 64
Metadata
- Authors
- Charman, T., Swettenham, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Cox, A., Baird, G., & Drew, A.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 781-789
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- OpenAlex
- W4253581535
- Cited by
- 813
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, infants, empathy, pretend play, joint attention, imitation, social cognition
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Attention, Autistic Disorder, Developmental Disabilities, Empathy, Female, Humans, Imagination, Imitative Behavior, Infant, Male, Play and Playthings, Prospective Studies, Social Facilitation, Chi-Square Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Single-Blind Method, Infant Behavior, Observation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review