Cited by 813Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentAction Observation and Synchronization

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Infants with autism: an investigation of empathy, pretend play, joint attention, and imitation

Charman, Tony, Swettenham, John, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Cox, Antony, Baird, Gillian, Drew, Auriol·1997·Developmental Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.33.5.781

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Abstract

Systematic studies of infants with autism have not been previously carried out. Taking advantage of a new prospective screening instrument for autism in infancy (S. Baron-Cohen et al., 1996), the present study found that, compared with developmentally delayed and normally developing children, 20-month-old children with autism were specifically impaired on some aspects of empathy, joint attention, and imitation. Infants with autism failed to use social gaze in the empathy and joint attention tasks. Both the infants with autism and the infants with developmental delay demonstrated functional play, but very few participants in either group produced spontaneous pretend play. In the developmental delay group, but not the autism group, pretend play was shown following prompting. The implications of these findings for developmental accounts of autism and for the early diagnosis of the disorder are discussed.

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Authors: Charman, T., Swettenham, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Cox, A., Baird, G., & Drew, A.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
ORCID: Charman, Tony
Swettenham, John
Baird, Gillian
Venue: Developmental Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1997
Volume: 33
Issue: 5
Pages: 781-789
ISSN: 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
1939-0599
DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.33.5.781
OpenAlex: W4253581535
Cited by: 813
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 3.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, infants, empathy, pretend play, joint attention, imitation, social cognition
MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance, Attention, Autistic Disorder, Developmental Disabilities, Empathy, Female, Humans, Imagination, Imitative Behavior, Infant, Male, Play and Playthings, Prospective Studies, Social Facilitation, Chi-Square Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Single-Blind Method, Infant Behavior, Observation

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Infants with autism: an investigation of empathy, pretend play, joint attention, and imitation

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