Neural responses to heartbeats distinguish self from other during imagination
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Abstract
Imagination is an internally-generated process, where one can make oneself or other people appear as protagonists of a scene. How does the brain tag the protagonist of an imagined scene as being oneself or someone else? Crucially, during imagination, neither external stimuli nor motor feedback are available to disentangle imagining oneself from imagining someone else. Here, we test the hypothesis that an internal mechanism based on the neural monitoring of heartbeats could distinguish between self and other. 23 participants imagined themselves (from a first-person perspective) or a friend (from a third-person perspective) in various scenarios, while their brain activity was recorded with magnetoencephalography and their cardiac activity was simultaneously monitored. We measured heartbeat-evoked responses, i.e. transients of neural activity occurring in response to each heartbeat, during imagination. The amplitude of heartbeat-evoked responses differed between imagining oneself and imagining a friend, in the precuneus and posterior cingulate regions bilaterally. Effect size was modulated by the daydreaming frequency scores of participants but not by their interoceptive abilities. These results could not be accounted for by other characteristics of imagination (e.g., the ability to adopt the perspective, valence or arousal), nor by cardiac parameters (e.g., heart rate) or arousal levels (e.g. arousal ratings, pupil diameter). Heartbeat-evoked responses thus appear as a neural marker distinguishing self from other during imagination.
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In humans, HERs are observed in somatosensory cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate/ventral precuneus, insula and frontal operculum, as well as (mostly right) parietal lobule and extrastriate visual cortices.
“In humans HERs are observed (Figure 3) in somatosensory cortex 49,59,82,83 , ventromedial prefrontal cortex 33,83-85 and posterior cingulate/ventral precuneus 59,84-87 , insula and frontal operculum 85,88-91 , as well as (mostly right) parietal lobule 33,59,83 and extrastriate visual cortices 91 .”
From Interoceptive rhythms in the brain (2023) · cites this paper as [87]
HERs reflect self-relatedness during mind-wandering, the strength of body ownership during bodily illusions and self-other distinction in mental imagery, and contribute to the stability of decisions based on subjective preferences.
“HERs do reflect self-relatedness during mind-wandering 84,85 , the strength of body ownership during bodily illusions 44,86 and self-other distinction in mental imagery 87 , and contribute to the stability of decisions based on subjective preferences 83 .”
From Interoceptive rhythms in the brain (2023) · cites this paper as [87]
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- Authors
- Babo-Rebelo, M., Buot, A., & Tallon-Baudry, C.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Babo-Rebelo, Mariana
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 191
- Pages
- 10-20
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6503945
- OpenAlex
- W2914473273
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 6.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (SFRH/BD/85127/2012)
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- European Research Council
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11-INBS-0006)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- imagination, self-other distinction, heart rate monitoring, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, daydreaming, interoception, first-person perspective, third-person perspective
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Imagination, Male, Self Concept
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