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Biases in eye movements to threatening facial expressions in generalized anxiety disorder and depressive disorder
Abstract
The study investigated biases in selective attention to emotional face stimuli in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depressive disorder, using a modified probe detection task. There were 4 face types: threatening, sad, happy, and neutral. Measures of attentional bias included (a) the direction and latency of the initial eye movement in response to the faces and (b) manual reaction time (RT) to probes replacing the face stimuli 1,000 ms after their onset. Results showed that individuals with GAD (without depressive disorder) were more likely to look first toward threat faces rather than neutral faces compared with normal controls and those with depressive disorder. They also shifted their gaze more quickly toward threat faces, rather than away from them, relative to the other two groups. There were no significant findings from the manual RT data. Implications of the results for recent theories of clinical anxiety and depression are discussed.
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“The average latency of initial fixations on threat in anxious individuals ranged from roughly 225 to 400 ms (Armstrong et al., 2010; Garner et al., 2006; Mogg et al., 2000).”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Mogg et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“In free viewing tasks, EMs to threatening stimuli were not completed until roughly 225 ms to 400 ms after stimulus onset (Armstrong et al., 2010; Garner et al., 2006; Mogg et al., 2000), suggesting that increased maintenance of visual attention on threat could occur prior to one’s initial fixation on threat.”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Mogg et al., 2000
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mogg, K., Millar, N., & Bradley, B. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 695-704
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2061967562
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, depressive disorders, attentional bias, eye movements, gaze direction, emotional face processing, threat detection
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Eye Movements, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time
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