Cited by 478Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesFace Recognition and PerceptionNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Biases in eye movements to threatening facial expressions in generalized anxiety disorder and depressive disorder

Mogg, Karin, Millar, Neil, Bradley, Brendan P.·2000·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.695

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Abstract

The study investigated biases in selective attention to emotional face stimuli in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depressive disorder, using a modified probe detection task. There were 4 face types: threatening, sad, happy, and neutral. Measures of attentional bias included (a) the direction and latency of the initial eye movement in response to the faces and (b) manual reaction time (RT) to probes replacing the face stimuli 1,000 ms after their onset. Results showed that individuals with GAD (without depressive disorder) were more likely to look first toward threat faces rather than neutral faces compared with normal controls and those with depressive disorder. They also shifted their gaze more quickly toward threat faces, rather than away from them, relative to the other two groups. There were no significant findings from the manual RT data. Implications of the results for recent theories of clinical anxiety and depression are discussed.

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Authors: Mogg, K., Millar, N., & Bradley, B. P.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
ORCID: Mogg, Karin
Millar, Neil
Bradley, Brendan P.
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000-11
Volume: 109
Issue: 4
Pages: 695-704
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.695
OpenAlex: W2061967562
Cited by: 478
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 4.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: generalized anxiety disorder, depressive disorders, attentional bias, eye movements, gaze direction, emotional face processing, threat detection
MeSH terms: Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Eye Movements, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time

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Biases in eye movements to threatening facial expressions in generalized anxiety disorder and depressive disorder

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