Attentional bias in anxiety and depression: The role of awareness
Abstract
Attentional biases were assessed with a probe detection task in anxious (N = 17), depressed (N = 17) and normal control (N = 15) subjects. Word pairs were presented visually, with a dot probe following one word of each pair. Allocation of attention to the spatial position of the words was determined from response latencies to the probes. Half the word pairs were presented supraliminally, half subliminally. The anxious and depressed groups showed an attentional bias towards supraliminal negative words, in comparison with normal controls. The depressed group unexpectedly showed greater vigilance for supraliminal anxiety‐relevant words than the anxious group. The anxious group shifted their attention towards the spatial location of negative words presented subliminally. The results support the hypothesis of an anxiety‐related bias in preconscious processes.
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In an attentional probe paradigm, anxious individuals orient to the position of previously presented threat-related stimuli even when they are backwardly masked and presented below the level of conscious awareness.
“For example, in an attentional probe paradigm anxious individuals have been shown to orient to the position of previously presented threat-related stimuli, even when they were backwardly masked and therefore presented below the level of conscious awareness (Mogg et al., 1995b).”
From Short-term serotonergic but not noradrenergic antidepressant administration reduces attentional vigilance to threat in healthy volunteers (2009) · cites this paper as Mogg et al., 1995b
Preconscious attentional biases to threat are reduced following cognitive behavioural therapy.
“Such preconscious attentional biases to threat have been shown to be reduced following cognitive behavioural therapy (e.g.Mogg et al., 1995a).”
From Short-term serotonergic but not noradrenergic antidepressant administration reduces attentional vigilance to threat in healthy volunteers (2009) · cites this paper as Mogg et al., 1995a
Depression is associated with a pattern of cognition biased towards negative information, with depressed individuals tending to remember negative items and rate experiences or stimuli as more negative than controls.
“Depression has long been associated with a pattern of cognition biased towards negative information, with depressed individuals showing a tendency to remember negative items and to rate experiences or stimuli as more negative than do controls (e.g.Gur et al., 1992;Mogg et al., 1995).”
From Affective Cognition and its Disruption in Mood Disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Mogg et al., 1995
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- Authors
- Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., & Williams, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mogg, Karin
- Venue
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-36
- ISSN
- 0144-6657 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8260
- OpenAlex
- W2042402348
- Cited by
- 559
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 10.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- attentional bias, anxiety, depression, awareness, subliminal presentation, dot-probe task, sustained attention, negative words, attentional shift
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Attention, Awareness, Depression, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Orientation, Paired-Associate Learning, Personality Inventory, Semantics, Subliminal Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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