Four-year cross-lagged associations between physical and mental health in the medical outcomes study.
Abstract
This article provides an application of structural equation modeling to the evaluation of cross-lagged panel models. Self-reports of physical and mental health at 3 different time points spanning a 4-year interval were analyzed to illustrate the cross-lagged analysis methodology. Data were collected from a sample of 856 patients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, or depression (or any combination of these) participating in the Medical Outcomes Study. Cross-lagged analyses of physical and mental health constructs revealed substantial stability effects across time. A structural model with standard effects revealed positive effects of physical health on mental health but negative (suppression) effects of mental health on physical health. The effects of mental health on physical health became nonsignificant when the model was revised by adding nonstandard effects (direct effects of measured variable residuals on latent variables). Recommendations for structural equation modeling of cross-lagged panel data are provided.
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Prior factor analyses of SF-36 scale scores supported two underlying factors: physical health defined mainly by physical functioning, pain, and physical role limitations, and mental health reflected mainly by emotional well-being and emotional role limitations.
“Factor analyses of scale scores for the SF-36 health survey, provided strong support for two underlying factors with physical health defined primarily by measures of physical functioning, pain, and role limitations due to physical health problems, and by mental health reflected primarily by measures of emotional well-being and role limitations caused by emotional problems [17–18].”
From PROMIS®-29 v2.0 profile physical and mental health summary scores (2018) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Hays, R. D., Marshall, G. N., Wang, E. Y. I., & Sherbourne, C. D.
- Affiliations
- RAND Corporation (US)
- ORCID
- Hays, Ron D.
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1994-06
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 441-449
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2016451332
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh042229-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 42229 R01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- physical health, mental health, cross-lagged panel model, structural equation modeling, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, depression, Medical Outcomes Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Sick Role, Models, Statistical, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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