The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: A 20-year prospective study.
Abstract
To determine the risk factors for suicide, 6,891 psychiatric outpatients were evaluated in a prospective study. Subsequent deaths for the sample were identified through the National Death Index. Forty-nine (1%) suicides were determined from death certificates obtained from state vital statistics offices. Specific psychological variables that could be modified by clinical intervention were measured using standardized scales. Univariate survival analyses revealed that the severity of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation were significant risk factors for eventual suicide. A multivariate survival analysis indicated that several modifiable variables were significant and unique risk factors for suicide, including suicide ideation, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and unemployment status.
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In the citing paper
“Studies of risk factors predicting suicide consistently suggest that suicidal ideation and a history of suicide attempts are among the most salient risk factors for suicide (6–9).”
From The Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Initial Validity and Internal Consistency Findings From Three Multisite Studies With Adolescents and Adults (2011) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“but neglected the dynamic nature of suicidal ideation and its psychological risk factors.”
From Modelling suicide ideation from beep to beep: application of network analysis to ecological momentary assessment data (2019) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“Analysis from traditional epidemiological studies gave insight into the role of more static risk factors of suicidal behavior, such as sex and a history of depression (Brown et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2015)”
From Modelling suicide ideation from beep to beep: application of network analysis to ecological momentary assessment data (2019) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2000
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Rogers, M. L., Hom, M. A., Dougherty, S. P., Gallyer, A. J., & Joiner, T. E. (2020) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2018.1522283 · Cited by 31
The suicidal inmate: a comparison of inmates who attempt versus complete suicide
Boren, E. A., Folk, J. B., Loya, J. M., Tangney, J. P., Barboza, S. E., & Wilson, J. S. (2018) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12374 · Cited by 30
Individuals with current suicidal ideation demonstrate implicit “fearlessness of death”
Hussey, I., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Booth, R. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.11.003 · Cited by 29
Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Walloch, J. C., Gallop, R., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Young, M., Johnson, J., et al. (2018) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2017.1392915 · Cited by 29
“%) meeting the cut-off score of 3 and above to identify significant SR (Brown et al., 2000) and average scores 654 VOLUME 22 .”
Body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and risk for suicide: The role of depression
Shaw, A. M., Arditte Hall, K. A., Rosenfield, E., & Timpano, K. R. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.09.007 · Cited by 29
Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans
Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12581 · Cited by 28
Li, Y., Guo, Y., Hong, Y. A., Zhu, M., Zeng, C., Qiao, J., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., Zeng, Y., Cai, W., et al. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/14729 · Cited by 28
Ketamine vs midazolam: Mood improvement reduces suicidal ideation in depression
Hochschild, A., Keilp, J. G., Madden, S. P., Burke, A. K., Mann, J. J., & Grunebaum, M. F. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.055 · Cited by 25
Attachment Security and Suicide Ideation and Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Reflective Functioning
Green, J., Berry, K., Danquah, A., & Pratt, D. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18063090 · Cited by 25
Differences in suicide risk severity among suicidal youth with anxiety disorders
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Xi, W., Banerjee, S., Olfson, M., Alexopoulos, G. S., Xiao, Y., & Pathak, J. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31387-0 · Cited by 23
Berk, L., Hallam, K. T., Venugopal, K., Lewis, A. J., Austin, D. W., Kulkarni, J., Dodd, S., de Castella, A., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Berk, M. (2017) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12486 · Cited by 22
Zeifman, R. J., Antony, M. M., & Kuo, J. R. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109612 · Cited by 18
Does CBT for anxiety-related disorders alter suicidal ideation? Findings from a naturalistic sample
Brown, L. A., Gallagher, T., Petersen, J., Benhamou, K., Foa, E. B., & Asnaani, A. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.08.001 · Cited by 14
Expressive suppression mediates the relation between disordered eating and suicidal ideation
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Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentrations in suicide attempt: a meta-analysis
Sharma, R., Tikka, S. K., Yadav, A. K., Bhute, A. R., Dhamija, P., & Bastia, B. K. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102711 · Cited by 13
Atilola, O., & Ayinde, O. (2015) · Mental Health, Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2015.1073706 · Cited by 11
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Association between Binge Drug use and Suicide Attempt among People who Inject Drugs
Fournier, C., Ghabrash, M. F., Artenie, A., Roy, E., Zang, G., Bruneau, J., & Jutras-Aswad, D. (2018) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2017.1389800 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, G. K., Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Grisham, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 371-377
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W1990369310
- Cited by
- 1,317
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 86 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 14.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (R49 CCR 304568)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R37 MH 47383, R37MH047383)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- suicide risk factors, psychiatric outpatients, suicidal ideation, depression severity, hopelessness, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, unemployment, suicide prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Cause of Death, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Pennsylvania, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Risk, Risk Factors, Suicide, Unemployment, Proportional Hazards Models
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