Cited by 1,317Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbusePsychiatric care and mental health services

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Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: A 20-year prospective study.

Brown, Gregory K., Beck, Aaron T., Steer, Robert A., Grisham, Jessica R.·2000·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.68.3.371

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Abstract

To determine the risk factors for suicide, 6,891 psychiatric outpatients were evaluated in a prospective study. Subsequent deaths for the sample were identified through the National Death Index. Forty-nine (1%) suicides were determined from death certificates obtained from state vital statistics offices. Specific psychological variables that could be modified by clinical intervention were measured using standardized scales. Univariate survival analyses revealed that the severity of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation were significant risk factors for eventual suicide. A multivariate survival analysis indicated that several modifiable variables were significant and unique risk factors for suicide, including suicide ideation, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and unemployment status.

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“For example, the relationship between mental disorders and recurrent suicide ideation is mediated by previous suicide ideation, making our reported relation of mental disorders and recurrent suicide ideation partly spurious [34].”
Background
Coping and thought suppression as predictors of suicidal ideation in depressed older adults with personality disorders
Cukrowicz, K. C., Ekblad, A. G., Cheavens, J. S., Rosenthal, M. Z., & Lynch, T. R. (2008) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860801936714 · Cited by 56
Does psychache mediate the relationship between general distress and suicide ideation?
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A genome-wide association study of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in U.S. military veterans
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Implicit measure of life/death orientation predicts response of suicidal ideation to treatment in psychiatric inpatients
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General psychological distress symptoms and help-avoidance in young Australians
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The role of mobile phone technology in understanding and preventing suicidal behavior
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Comparison of clinical and research assessments of diagnosis, suicide attempt history and suicidal ideation in major depression
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Exploring blended group interventions for depression: Randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms
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The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: A multisite randomized controlled trial.
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Predictive value of psychological characteristics and suicide history on medical lethality of suicide attempts: A follow-up study of hospitalized patients
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An aspect of the capability for suicide—fearlessness of the pain involved in dying—amplifies the association between suicide ideation and attempts.
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Authors: Brown, G. K., Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Grisham, J. R.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
ORCID: Brown, Gregory K.
Beck, Aaron T.
Grisham, Jessica R.
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000
Volume: 68
Issue: 3
Pages: 371-377
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.68.3.371
OpenAlex: W1990369310
Cited by: 1,317
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 86 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 14.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (R49 CCR 304568)
National Institute of Mental Health (R37 MH 47383, R37MH047383)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Keywords: suicide risk factors, psychiatric outpatients, suicidal ideation, depression severity, hopelessness, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, unemployment, suicide prevention
MeSH terms: Adult, Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Cause of Death, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Pennsylvania, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Risk, Risk Factors, Suicide, Unemployment, Proportional Hazards Models

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Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: A 20-year prospective study.

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