The co-occurrence of childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and sexual harassment: A mediational model of posttraumatic stress disorder and physical health outcomes
Abstract
This study examined the co-occurrence of childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and sexual harassment in a predominantly African American sample of 268 female veterans, randomly sampled from an urban Veterans Affairs hospital women's clinic. A combination of hierarchical and iterative cluster analysis was used to identify 4 patterns of women's lifetime experiences of violence co-occurrence. The 1st cluster experienced relatively low levels of all 4 forms of violence; the 2nd group, high levels of all 4 forms; the 3rd, sexual revictimization across the lifespan with adult sexual harassment; and the 4th, high intimate partner violence with sexual harassment. This cluster solution was validated in a theoretically driven model that examined the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a mediator of physical health symptomatology. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that PTSD fully mediated the relationship between violence and physical health symptomatology. Consistent with a bio-psycho-immunologic theoretical model, PTSD levels more strongly predicted pain-related physical health symptoms compared to nonpain health problems. Implications for clinical interventions to prevent PTSD and to screen women for histories of violence in health care settings are discussed.
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SA commonly co-occurs with other forms of trauma like intimate partner violence and child sexual abuse.
“SA commonly co-occurs with other forms of trauma like intimate partner violence and child sexual abuse (Campbell, Greeson, Bybee, & Raja, 2008).”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Campbell, Greeson, Bybee, & Raja, 2008
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- Authors
- Campbell, R., Greeson, M. R., Bybee, D., & Raja, S.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 194-207
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2168087170
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 21.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, intimate partner violence, sexual harassment, sexual revictimization, post-traumatic stress disorder, somatic symptoms, pain, women veterans, African American women, PTSD screening
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Middle Aged, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sex Offenses, Somatoform Disorders, Spouse Abuse, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Violence, Midwestern United States, Models, Statistical, Comorbidity, Cluster Analysis, Sexual Harassment
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