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Cited by 325Sexual Assault and Victimization StudiesIntimate Partner and Family ViolenceChild Abuse and Trauma

The Effectiveness of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Programs: A Review of Psychological, Medical, Legal, and Community Outcomes

Campbell, Rebecca, Patterson, Debra, Lichty, Lauren F.·2005·Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
DOI 10.1177/1524838005280328
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Abstract

In sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs, specially trained forensic nurses provide 24-hour-a-day, first-response medical care and crisis intervention to rape survivors in either hospitals or clinic settings. This article reviews the empirical literature regarding the effectiveness of SANE programs in five domains:(a) promoting the psychological recovery of survivors, (b) providing comprehensive and consistent postrape medical care (e.g., emergency contraception, sexually transmitted disease [STD] prophylaxis), (c) documenting the forensic evidence of the crime completely and accurately, (d) improving the prosecution of sexual assault cases by providing better forensics and expert testimony, and (e) creating community change by bringing multiple service providers together to provide comprehensive care to rape survivors. Preliminary evidence suggests that SANE programs are effective in all domains, but such conclusions are tentative because most published studies have not included adequate methodological controls to rigorously test the effectiveness of SANE programs. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/1524838005280328

Cites

66 of 66 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Individuals who received a sexual assault exam from a SANE reported feeling believed and listened to.

    “Individuals who received a SA exam from a SANE reported feeling believed and listened to and may be more likely to receive a complete medical exam compared to those who receive non-SANE care (Campbell et al., 2005).”

    From “Having One Person Tell Me I Didn’t Do the Wrong Thing”: The Impact of Support on the Post-Sexual Assault Exam Experience (2024) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2005

  • Receiving a sexual assault exam from a Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner may be an important step in connecting individuals with positive support following a sexual assault exam.

    “Receiving a SA exam from Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs), nurses that receive specialized training in trauma-informed care and forensic evidence collection, may be an important step in connecting individuals with positive support following a SA exam.”

    From “Having One Person Tell Me I Didn’t Do the Wrong Thing”: The Impact of Support on the Post-Sexual Assault Exam Experience (2024) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2005

  • Campbell et al.'s (2005) review found that SA patients who receive care from SANEs feel believed, in control, and informed while SA patients who receive care from untrained providers may experience secondary victimization and further invalidation.

    “Campbell et al.’s (2005) review found that SA patients who receive care from SANEs feel believed, in control, and informed while SA patients who receive care from untrained providers may experience secondary victimization and further invalidation (Littel, 2001).”

    From “Having One Person Tell Me I Didn’t Do the Wrong Thing”: The Impact of Support on the Post-Sexual Assault Exam Experience (2024) · cites this paper as Campbell et al.’s (2005)

  • Studies have highlighted benefits of receiving a SA exam by a SANE, such as feeling believed, receiving more medical care, having more thorough evidence collection, and having more engagement with the criminal justice system.

    “Even though studies have highlighted the benefits of receiving a SA exam by a SANE, such as feeling believed, receiving more medical care, having more thorough evidence collection, and having more engagement with the criminal justice system (Campbell, Bybee et al., 2012; Campbell et al., 2005)”

    From “Having One Person Tell Me I Didn’t Do the Wrong Thing”: The Impact of Support on the Post-Sexual Assault Exam Experience (2024) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2005

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Authors
Campbell, R., Patterson, D., & Lichty, L. F.
Affiliations
Michigan State University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2005-10
Volume
6
Issue
4
Pages
313-329
ISSN
  • 1524-8380 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-8324
DOI
10.1177/1524838005280328
OpenAlex
W2165798400
Cited by
324
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
FWCI
18.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Trauma Violence & Abuse (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
  • Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords
sexual assault nurse examiners, rape victims, forensic nursing, emergency contraception, expert testimony, psychological recovery, community-based care, program effectiveness
MeSH terms
Counseling, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Forensic Medicine, Humans, Male, Nurse-Patient Relations, Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Service, Hospital, Rape, United States, Program Evaluation, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Crime Victims, Nurse's Role

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