African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem.
Abstract
This research responded to researchers' calls for investigation of potential moderators of the link between perceptions of racist discrimination and mental health. In a sample of 119 African American young adults, the authors investigated the extent to which 4 theoretically relevant variables moderated the perceived racism-mental health relation. Consistent with predictions, results revealed that greater experience with racial socialization messages attenuated the link between reports of racist events and poorer mental health. Self-esteem also moderated the relation, but in a direction opposite that predicted. Neither racial socialization beliefs nor African American social networks moderated the relation. Overall, results indicated that individual differences shape the extent to which African Americans' mental health is related to perceptions of racist discrimination.
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Fischer and Shaw's study of African American college students found that the negative relationship between perceived racism and overall mental health was significant at low levels of bias preparation but nonsignificant at high levels.
“Fischer and Shaw's (1999) investigation with African American college students, ages 18-25, found that the negative relationship between perceived racism and overall mental health was significant at low levels (.5 SD below mean) of bias preparation but nonsignificant at high levels (.5 SD above mean) of bias preparation.”
From Perceived Racial Discrimination and Self-Esteem in African American Youth: Racial Socialization as a Protective Factor (2007) · cites this paper as Fischer & Shaw, 1999
Fischer and Shaw's study examined only messages about racism and barriers and did not explore possible effects of cultural pride messages.
“It is important to note that Fischer and Shaw (1999) only focused on reports of messages related to racism and barriers, without exploring the possible effects of cultural pride messages.”
From Perceived Racial Discrimination and Self-Esteem in African American Youth: Racial Socialization as a Protective Factor (2007) · cites this paper as Fischer & Shaw, 1999
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“…or racial identity buffers the effects of exposure to racism on psychological distress or depression (Banks and KohnWood 2007; Bynum et al. 2007; Fischer and Shaw 1999; Greene et al. 2006; Lee 2003, 2005; Mossakowski 2003; Noh et al. 1999; Sellers et al. 2003, 2006; Sellers and Shelton 2003;…”
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- Authors
- Fischer, A. R., & Shaw, C. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Akron (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 395-407
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2081360407
- Cited by
- 437
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 8.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Keywords
- African American young adults, mental health, racial socialization, self-esteem, moderating effect
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