Sociocultural Factors and School Engagement Among African American Youth: The Roles of Racial Discrimination, Racial Socialization, and Ethnic Identity

Dotterer, Aryn M.; McHale, Susan M.; Crouter, Ann C.

doi:10.1080/10888690902801442

Cited by 218Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchCritical Race Theory in EducationPsychosocial Factors Impacting Youth

Sociocultural Factors and School Engagement Among African American Youth: The Roles of Racial Discrimination, Racial Socialization, and Ethnic Identity

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Dotterer, Aryn M., McHale, Susan M., Crouter, Ann C.·2009·Applied Developmental Science

DOI 10.1080/10888690902801442PMC PMC4850833

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Abstract

This study investigated the links between racial discrimination and school engagement and the roles of racial socialization and ethnic identity as protective factors in those linkages in a sample of 148, sixth through twelfth grade African American adolescents from working and middle-class two-parent families. In home interviews, youth described their ethnic identity, discrimination experiences at school, and school engagement (school bonding, school grades, school self-esteem), and parents rated their racial socialization practices. Analyses revealed that discrimination was negatively related to school self-esteem and school bonding. Racial socialization had additive effects on school self-esteem and school bonding, but did not moderate the discrimination—school engagement association. For boys, ethnic identity had additive effects on school bonding, but for girls, ethnic identity moderated the relation between discrimination and school bonding: when girls experienced more discrimination and had a lower ethnic identity, they reported lower school bonding. Discrimination, racial socialization, and ethnic identity were not related to school grades.

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Adolescents receiving more family heritage cultural socialization show better school adjustment, including greater school engagement, belonging, and peer involvement.
“they also exhibit better adjustment at school, such as higher levels of school engagement and belonging as well as greater involvement with peers (Dotterer, McHale, & Crouter, 2009; Tran & Lee, 2011; M. T. Wang, 2012).”
From Cultural Socialization Across Contexts: Family–Peer Congruence and Adolescent Well-Being (2016) · cites this paper as Dotterer, McHale, & Crouter, 2009
The Results (School Bonding; page not provided) link greater parental cultural socialization to stronger school bonding, a measure of belonging, among boys but not girls. The claim extends that finding to adolescents generally and adds greater peer involvement, which this paper does not establish. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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“…less loneliness and depressive symptoms (McHale et al. 2006; Polo and Steven 2009); they also exhibit better adjustment at school, such as higher levels of school engagement and belonging as well as greater involvement with peers (Dotterer et al. 2009; Tran and Lee 2011; Wang and James 2012).”
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Authors: Dotterer, A. M., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C.
Affiliations: Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author: Dotterer, Aryn M.
ORCID: Dotterer, Aryn M.
McHale, Susan M.
Crouter, Ann C.
Venue: Applied Developmental Science
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2009-04-16
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: 61-73
ISSN: 1088-8691 (ISSN-L)
1532-480X
DOI: 10.1080/10888690902801442
PMC: PMC4850833
OpenAlex: W1986816549
Cited by: 218
References: 66
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 22.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Applied Developmental Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD032336)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Keywords: school engagement, racial discrimination, racial socialization, ethnic identity, African American adolescents, school connectedness, school self-esteem, school grades, protective factors, gender differences, middle-class families

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Sociocultural Factors and School Engagement Among African American Youth: The Roles of Racial Discrimination, Racial Socialization, and Ethnic Identity

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