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Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation.

Ames, Carole·1992·Journal of Educational Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261

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Abstract

This article examines the classroom learning environment in relation to achievement goal theory of motivation. Classroom structures are described in terms of how they make different types of achievement goals salient and as a consequence elicit qualitatively different patterns of motivation. Task, evaluation and recognition, and authority dimensions of classrooms are presented as examples of structures that can influence children's orientation toward different achievement goals. Central to the thesis of this article is a perspective that argues for an identification of classroom structures that can contribute to a mastery orientation, a systematic analysis of these structures, and a determination of how these structures relate to each other

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Authors: Ames, C.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Corresponding author: Ames, Carole
Venue: Journal of Educational Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1992-09
Volume: 84
Issue: 3
Pages: 261-271
ISSN: 0022-0663 (ISSN-L)
1939-2176
DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261
OpenAlex: W2056855771
Cited by: 6,468
References: 90
Citations by year: 2026: 160 · 2025: 207 · 2024: 176 · 2023: 285 · 2022: 252 · 2021: 293 · 2020: 345 · 2019: 304 · 2018: 278 · 2017: 313 · 2016: 317 · 2015: 314 · 2014: 310 · 2013: 332 · 2012: 312
FWCI: 45.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Education › Educational Environments and Student Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Keywords: achievement goal theory, classroom climate, classroom structure, student motivation, mastery orientation, task orientation, recognition, teacher authority, children's motivation

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Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation.

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