The Role of Goal Orientation Following Performance Feedback

VandeWalle, Don; Cron, William L.; Slocum, John W.

doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.4.629

Cited by 781Education, Achievement, and GiftednessGrit, Self-Efficacy, and MotivationSport Psychology and Performance

The Role of Goal Orientation Following Performance Feedback

VandeWalle, Don, Cron, William L., Slocum, John W.·2001·Journal of Applied Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0021-9010.86.4.629

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Abstract

This study examined the relationship of goal orientation and performance over a series of 2 challenging performance events. After providing performance feedback on the 1st event, the authors found that the relationship between a learning goal orientation and performance remained positive for the 2nd event, the relationship between a proving goal orientation and performance diminished from a positive to a nonsignificant level, and the relationship between an avoiding goal orientation and performance remained negative. Data analysis also indicated that the relationships between the 3 goal orientation dimensions and the performance event were differentially mediated by goal setting, self-efficacy, and effort.

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VandeWalle et al. (2001) found that an initially positive relationship between performance-approach goal orientation and performance decreased when undergraduate students received performance feedback; there was no change in relationships between mastery-goal orientation and performance-avoidant orientation and performance.
“For example, an initially positive relationship between performance-approach goal orientation and performance decreased when undergraduate students received performance feedback; there was no change in relationships between mastery-goal orientation and performance-avoidant orientation and performance (VandeWalle et al., 2001).”
From The Next Black Box of Formative Assessment: A Model of the Internal Mechanisms of Feedback Processing (2022) · cites this paper as VandeWalle et al., 2001

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“%) reporting trivial correlations (e.g., Davis et al., 2007; VandeWalle et al., 2001).”
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Trait Goal Orientation, Self-Regulation, and Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Cellar, D. F., Stuhlmacher, A. F., Young, S. K., Fisher, D. M., Adair, C. K., Haynes, S., Twichell, E., Arnold, K. A., Royer, K. P., Denning, B. L., et al. (2010) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9201-6 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
“orientation as a single bi-polar scale to a four-factor model where the factors are relatively independent, however, most trait measures have been based on a two- or threefactor model (Brett and VandeWalle 1999; Button et al. 1996; Elliot 1999; Elliot and Church 1997; Elliot and Harackiewicz 1996; Elliot and McGregor…”
Background
Goal Orientation: A Review of the Miles Traveled and the Miles to Go
Vandewalle, D., Nerstad, C. G. L., & Dysvik, A. (2018) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062547 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
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“Feedback-seeking behavior can be influenced by goal orientation of individuals (VandeWalle and Cummings 1997; VandeWalle et al. 2001; Teunissen et al. 2009; Teunissen and Bok 2013).”
Motivating creativity: The effects of sequential and simultaneous learning and performance achievement goals on product novelty and usefulness
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“In contrast, individuals with performance goals are high on extrinsic motivation (Van Yperen, 2006) and are apt to use surface processing strategies when performing tasks (e.g., Elliot et al., 1999; Steele-Johnson et al., 2000; VandeWalle, Cron, & Slocum, 2001 ).”
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“Moreover, VandeWalle, Cron, and Slocum (2001) suggested that a focus on skill development, even for a veteran workforce, is likely to be associated with higher performance.”
BackgroundResult
Performance-approach goals: good or bad forms of regulation?
Elliot, A. J., & Moller, A. C. (2003) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2004.06.003 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
“The tabled studies are as follows: A=Al-Emadi (2001); B=Bembenutty (1999); C=Bong (2001); D=Brett and VandeWalle (1999); E=Church et al.(2001) (Study 2); F=Cury, DaFonseca, & Rufo (2002); G=Elliot and Church (1997); H=Elliot and Church (2003); I=Elliot and McGregor (1999) (Study 1); J=Elliot and McGregor (1999) (Study…”
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“This is evident, for example, in a review which examined the relationship between outcome orientation and task performance and found that different studies reported either a negative, a nonsignificant, or a positive relationship between the two (VandeWalle, Cron, & Slocum, 2001).”
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Why Are Some Salespeople Better at Adapting to Organizational Change?
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“This lends credence to the results of previous studies that suffered from a restricted framework, as they were conducted on students and employed fewer variables (Colquitt & Simmering, 1998; VandeWalle et al., 2001).”
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“Mastery-approach goals would seem optimal forms of regulation in a context highlighting intrapersonal standards (e.g. Colquitt & Simmering, 1998; Ford, Smith, Weissbein, Gully, & Salas, 1998; VandeWalle et al., 2001).”
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“Briefly, research had shown that learning goals are significantly and positively associated with effort (VandeWalle et al., 2001), seeking feedback (VandeWalle and Cummings, 1997), self-efficacy (Phillips and Gully, 1997; Kozlowski et al.”
Background
A Longitudinal Examination of Individual, Organizational, and Contextual Factors on Sales Technology Adoption and Job Performance
Jelinek, R., Ahearne, M., Mathieu, J. E., & Schillewaert, N. (2006) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.2753/mtp1069-6679140101 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
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“Academic learning, proving, and avoiding goal orientations3 were assessed with 13 items from an instrument developed and validated by VandeWalle (1996) and VandeWalle et al. (2001).”
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A first examination of the relationships between primed subconscious goals, assigned conscious goals, and task performance.
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“the relation of goals and goal orientation ( VandeWalle, Cron & Slocum, 2001 ), and the relation”
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Hammond, M. M., Clapp‐Smith, R., & Palanski, M. E. (2016) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2014.0431 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
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“Mastery-approach goals are generally considered to be the optimal form of competence-based regulation (e.g., Colquitt & Simmering, 1998; Ford, Smith, Weissbein, Gully, & Salas, 1998; VandeWalle, Cron, & Slocum, 2001).”
Gamification, quantified-self or social networking? Matching users’ goals with motivational technology
Hamari, J., Hassan, L., & Dias, A. (2018) · User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction · doi:10.1007/s11257-018-9200-2 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
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“…prior research has suggested that traits (whether measured explicitly or implicitly) influence the way individuals perceive elements of their environment, such as other individuals, job duties, and performance feedback (Greenwald and Banaji 1995; James and Mazerolle 2002; Vandewalle et al. 2001).”
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Zhu, Y., Chen, T., Wang, M., Jin, Y., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2372 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
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“VandeWalle et al., 2001 Individual Coping flexibility The ability to flexibly adjust coping strategies to face distinct stressors.”
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Ma, J., Peng, Y., & Wu, B. (2021) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2503 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
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“The consequences and outcomes of achievement goals have been the topic of a large body of research and theorizing (e.g., Cellar et al. 2011; DeShon and Gillespie 2005; Elliot 2005; Hulleman et al. 2010; Payne et al. 2007; VandeWalle et al. 2001).”
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Learning and Performance Goal Orientation of Salespeople Revisited: The Role of Performance-Approach and Performance-Avoidance Orientations
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Authors: VandeWalle, D., Cron, W. L., & Slocum, J. W.
Affiliations: Southern Methodist University (US)
Venue: Journal of Applied Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2001
Volume: 86
Issue: 4
Pages: 629-640
ISSN: 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
1939-1854
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.4.629
OpenAlex: W2072046516
Semantic Scholar: f785ebefc8c87b28a78b68034bca2d3d2511b665
Cited by: 781
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 15.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Keywords: goal orientation, performance feedback, learning objectives, performance goals, performance, goal setting, self-efficacy, effort, mediation
MeSH terms: Adult, Feedback, Female, Goals, Humans, Male, Task Performance and Analysis, Self Efficacy

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The Role of Goal Orientation Following Performance Feedback

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