A Motivated Action Theory Account of Goal Orientation.
Abstract
Rapid organizational change is increasing the pressure on employees to continually update their skills and adapt their behavior to new organizational realities. Goal orientation is a promising motivational construct that may explain why some individuals adapt to change better. Unfortunately, the current goal orientation literature is in a state of conceptual and methodological disarray. This presentation reviews the goal orientation literature and identifies numerous conceptual ambiguities, including definitional inconsistencies, dimensional inconsistencies, and inconsistencies in the conceptualization of stability. These conceptual ambiguities result in a confusing array of goal orientation measures and manipulations and ultimately an incoherent empirical database. A dynamic self-regulation model of goal orientation, termed motivated action theory, is presented to integrate the various conceptual perspectives and to provide guidelines for future goal orientation research.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Results of Experiment 3 furnish a timely integration of achievement goal and self-determination theory and support for the multitiered motivational models favored by a number of theorists.
“In this way, results of Experiment 3 furnish a timely integration of achievement goal and self-determination theory and, furthermore, support for the multitiered motivational models favored by a number of theorists (DeShon & Gillespie, 2005; Elliot, 1999; Grouzet et al., 2004; Moller & Elliot, 2006).”
From Why grades engender performance-avoidance goals: The mediating role of autonomous motivation. (2011) · cites this paper as DeShon & Gillespie, 2005
Cites
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835 · see citing works
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245 · see citing works
Maslow, A. H. (1943) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0054346 · Cited by 21,563 · see citing works
Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective
Bandura, A. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1 · Cited by 15,510 · see citing works
A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256 · Cited by 9,745 · see citing works
Illusion and well‐being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193 · Cited by 7,814 · see citing works
Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705 · Cited by 7,766 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, because assigned goals have their effect on performance through self-set goals, the basic findings in this literature hold for both self-set and assigned goals (e.g., Locke & Latham, 1990, 2002).”
BackgroundMotivational processes affecting learning.
Dweck, C. S. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.10.1040 · Cited by 6,971 · see citing works
Higgins, E. T. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280 · Cited by 6,775 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice
Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988) · Critical Issues in Social Justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2115-4 · Cited by 6,585 · see citing works
Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation.
Ames, C. (1992) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261 · Cited by 6,468 · see citing works
Basic objects in natural categories
Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W. D., Johnson, D. M., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(76)90013-x · Cited by 5,643 · see citing works
The principles of psychology, Vol I.
James, W. (1890) · doi:10.1037/10538-000 · Cited by 4,514 · see citing works
On the Self-Regulation of Behavior
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174794 · Cited by 4,110 · see citing works
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.246 · Cited by 3,889 · see citing works
The unbearable automaticity of being
Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.462 · Cited by 3,699 · see citing works
The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self
Steele, C. M. (1988) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60229-4 · Cited by 3,697 · see citing works
Power, approach, and inhibition.
Keltner, D., Gruenfeld, D. H., & Anderson, C. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.2.265 · Cited by 3,427 · see citing works
Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals
Elliot, A. J. (1999) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3403_3 · Cited by 3,103 · see citing works
Lerner, M. J. (1980) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0448-5 · Cited by 2,656 · see citing works
Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. B. G. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.197 · Cited by 2,517 · see citing works
Behavior: The Control of Perception
Kuhn, A., & Powers, W. T. (1975) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2063243 · Cited by 2,398 · see citing works
Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content.
Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.3.338 · Cited by 2,319 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Consistent with the goal dimensions presented by Austin and Vancouver (1996), higher level goals are generally less specific than lower level goals, and so it is more difficult to evaluate progress toward higher level goals than toward lower level goals. Higher level goals typically refer to more distal outcomes than…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialToward a self‐evaluation maintenance model of social behavior
Tesser, A. (1988) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60227-0 · Cited by 1,878 · see citing works
What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs.
Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Kim, Y., & Kasser, T. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.325 · Cited by 1,694 · see citing works
Fleeson, W. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.1011 · Cited by 1,436 · see citing works
The Costly Pursuit of Self-Esteem
Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.392 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Test anxiety and the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation.
Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.628 · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Harackiewicz, J. M., Barron, K. E., Tauer, J. M., Carter, S. M., & Elliot, A. J. (2000) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.92.2.316 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Getting a cue: the need to belong and enhanced sensitivity to social cues
Pickett, C. L., Gardner, W. L., & Knowles, M. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203262085 · Cited by 862 · see citing works
The Role of Goal Orientation Following Performance Feedback
VandeWalle, D., Cron, W. L., & Slocum, J. W. (2001) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.4.629 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective.
Wolters, C. A. (2003) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.179 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Action-Monitoring Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Gehring, W. J., Himle, J., & Nisenson, L. G. (2000) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00206 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Depression and learned helplessness in man
Miller, W. R., & Seligman, M. E. (1975) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076720 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
The cessation of rumination through self-affirmation.
Koole, S. L., Smeets, K., van Knippenberg, A., & Dijksterhuis, A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.111 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Investment in Long-Term Goals and Commitment to Just Means Drive the Need to Believe in a Just World
Hafer, C. L. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672002611004 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Conceptual note on state, trait, and the state-trait distinction
Fridhandler, B. M. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.1.169 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A meta-analytic examination of the goal orientation nomological net.
Payne, S. C., Youngcourt, S. S., & Beaubien, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.128 · Cited by 1,242 · see citing works
Thriving at work: A meta‐analysis
Kleine, A., Rudolph, C. W., & Zacher, H. (2019) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2375 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Why grades engender performance-avoidance goals: The mediating role of autonomous motivation.
Pulfrey, C., Buchs, C., & Butera, F. (2011) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023911 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Chen, W.-W., & Wong, Y.-L. (2015) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.893559 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Goal Orientation, Task Difficulty, and Task Interest: A Multilevel Analysis
Horvath, M., Herleman, H. A., & Lee McKie, R. (2006) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9029-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Challenging assignments and activating mood: the influence of goal orientation
Preenen, P. T. Y., Van Vianen, A. E. M., & De Pater, I. E. (2014) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12256 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- DeShon, R. P., & Gillespie, J. Z.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Bowling Green State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Psychology
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1096-1127
- ISSN
- 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1854
- OpenAlex
- W1982835598
- Cited by
- 786
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 4.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- goal orientation, self-regulation, organizational change, employee adaptation, motivation, conceptual ambiguity
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Individuality, Motivation, Organizational Innovation, Organizational Objectives, Personnel Management, Psychological Theory, Organizational Culture, Guidelines as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review