Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 295

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Bilingualism, Language Proficiency, and Learning to Read in Two Writing Systems.

Open access
Bialystok, Ellen, McBride-Chang, Catherine, Luk, Gigi·2005·Journal of Educational Psychology

Abstract

Two hundred and four 5- and 6-year-olds who were monolingual English-, bilingual English–Chinese-, or Chinese-speaking children beginning to learn English (2nd-language learners) were compared on phonological awareness and word decoding tasks in English and Chinese. Phonological awareness developed in response to language exposure and instruction but, once established, transferred across languages for both bilinguals and 2nd-language learners. In contrast, decoding ability developed sepa-rately for each language as a function of proficiency and instruction in that language and did not transfer to the other language. Therefore, there was no overall effect of bilingualism on learning to read: Performance depended on the structure of the language, proficiency in that language, and instructional experiences with that writing system. These results point to the importance of evaluating the features of the languages and instructional context in which children become biliterate.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-0663.97.4.580

Cites

8 of 8 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 8 references

Cited by

See all 295

Metadata

Authors
Bialystok, E., McBride-Chang, C., & Luk, G.
Venue
Journal of Educational Psychology
Published
2005-11
Volume
97
Issue
4
Pages
580-590
ISSN
  • 0022-0663 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-2176
OpenAlex
W1982847761
Cited by
295
References
8
FWCI
10.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bilingualism, Language Proficiency, and Learning to Read in Two Writing Systems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0022-0663.97.4.580
The paper
Bialystok, E., McBride-Chang, C., & Luk, G. (2005). Bilingualism, Language Proficiency, and Learning to Read in Two Writing Systems. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.97.4.580

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.