Cited by 1,892Resilience and Mental HealthHealth disparities and outcomesPersonality Traits and Psychology

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Hardiness and health: A prospective study.

Kobasa, Suzanne C., Maddi, Salvatore R., Kahn, Stephen·1982·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.168

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“Studies of healthy and sick individuals, cardiac patients included, demonstrated that health and psychosocial adjustment are predicted by individual characteristics such as hardiness (Drory and Florian, 1991; Kobasa et al., 1982), sense of coherence (Antonovsky, 1987), and self-ef® cacy (Bandura, 1986; Devins et al.”
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“…is partially attributed to the effective coping style that is associated with the dynamic combination of challenge, commitment and control (Kobasa et al., 1982), and that facilitators use more problem-focused coping, it was hypothesised that the interaction of hardiness and direction…”
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“Although hardiness could be the results rather than the causes of well-being, and could apply to working men only, similar findings have been found in subsequent studies using a longitudinal design ( Kobasa, Maddi, and Kahn, 1982 ), and with women (Wiebe and McCallum, 1986).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
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“Kobasa et al. (1982) three-pronged conceptualization of hardiness proposes:”
Background
Toward a positive psychology of coping with anticipated events.
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The factor structure of six salutogenic constructs
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“In this study, resistance was conceptualized using the constructs of self-efficacy [4] and hardiness [5], in terms of Short rEport”
Method
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An Emotionally Inexpressive (Type C) Coping Style Influences HIV Disease Progression at Six and Twelve Month Follow-ups
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“This scale has been included in many investigations of stress and disease relationships (e.g., Kobasa et al., 1982).”
Method
Non-specific symptoms in response to hazard exposure in the workplace
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“These adolescents develop self-confidence and self-efficacy as a foundation for high resilience [69].”
Background
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Authors: Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Kahn, S.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1982
Volume: 42
Issue: 1
Pages: 168-177
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.168
OpenAlex: W2140504512
Cited by: 1,892
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 60
FWCI: 36.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: hardiness, health, personality traits, prospective study, health outcomes
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Prospective Studies, Psychophysiologic Disorders

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