Cited by 856Attachment and Relationship DynamicsHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlMarriage and Sexual Relationships

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Marital interaction: Physiological linkage and affective exchange.

Levenson, Robert W., Gottman, John M.·1983·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.587

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Abstract

Thirty married couples were studied during naturalistic interactions to determine the extent to which variation in marital satisfaction could be accounted for by physiological and affective patterns between and within spouses. The authors hypothesized that (a) compared to nondistressed couples' interactions, distressed couples' interactions would show greater physiological interrelatedness or "linkage," more negative affect, and more reciprocity of negative affect and (b) these differences would be more pronounced when the interaction was high in conflict (discussing a marital problem) as opposed to low in conflict (discussing the events of the day). Heart rate, skin conductance, pulse transmission time, and somatic activity from both spouses were analyzed using bivariate time-series techniques to derive a measure of physiological linkage. Self-report affective data (obtained using a video-recall procedure) were analyzed using sequential analyses to derive a measure of affect reciprocity. The hypotheses were strongly supported; 60% of the variance in marital satisfaction was accounted for using measures of physiological linkage alone. Additional nonredundant variance was accounted for by the other physiological and affective measures.

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Older couples with and without cardiovascular disease: Testing associations between and among affective communication, marital satisfaction, physical and mental health.
Novak, J. R., Sandberg, J. G., & Harper, J. M. (2014) · Families Systems & Health · doi:10.1037/fsh0000015 · Cited by 8
“Poorer marital quality over time is predicted by short-term physiological stress responses, and through repetition, impacts long-term health outcomes (Cacioppo et al., 1998; Coyne et al., 2001; Gallo et al., 2003; Gottman, Coan, Carrere, & Swanson, 1998; Levenson & Gottman, 1983, 1985).”
Exploring sparse representation measures of physiological synchrony for romantic couples
Chaspari, T., Timmons, A. C., Baucom, B., Perrone, L., Baucom, K. J. W., Georgiou, P., Margolin, G., & Narayanan, S. S. (2017) · International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and workshops · doi:10.1109/acii.2017.8273611 · Cited by 9
“The tasks included in the considered experimental procedures (Section 3) elicit various emotional responses that can result in different physiological reactivity and therefore distinct synchrony patterns [7].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
The study of emotional processes in communication: I. Measuring emotionalization in everyday face-to-face communicative interaction
Käsermann, M.-L., Altorfer, A., Foppa, K., Jossen, S., & Zimmermann, H. (2000) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03200786 · Cited by 8
Interakciós szinkronitás az interperszonális adaptációban
Biró, E. (2003) · Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle · doi:10.1556/mpszle.58.2003.3.2 · Cited by 8
Stimmungen des Kindes und die Chronizität depressiver Symptome: Der einzigartige schöpferische Prozess des Zusammenseins führt zu Wohlbefinden oder in die Krankheit
Tronick, E. Z. (2004) · Zeitschrift für psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie · doi:10.13109/zptm.2004.50.2.153 · Cited by 8
Evolution of Emotion in Social Context
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Correlates of interpersonal physiological synchrony and sources of empirical heterogeneity
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Relationship satisfaction, feelings of closeness and annoyance, and linkage in electrodermal activity.
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“…quality of PWD– caregiver and HC dyads was included as a potential covariate because past research has revealed its associations with (a) emotions during dyadic interactions (Brown et al., 2021; Levenson & Gottman, 1983) and (b) well-being and health of the dyads (Kiecolt-Glaser & Wilson, 2017).”
Self-citation
Intra- and Interindividual Variability of Daily Affect in Adult Couples
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Cardiac Arrest: Evaluating the Role of Biosignals in Gameplay Strategies and Players’ Physiological Synchrony in Social Deception Games
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“, an argument between a couple [9]) and positive (e.”
Background
Love's a dance you learn as you go: Evidence for interpersonal complementarity during romantic conflict and its association with relationship outcomes
Slotter, E. B., Markey, P. M., Audigier, A., Dashineau, S. C., Finkel, E. J., & Luchies, L. B. (2023) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2937 · Cited by 8
Interpersonal transmission of ROCD symptoms and susceptibility to infidelity in romantic relationships
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Marital satisfaction, differentiation of self and stress perceived by women
Kaleta, K. (2014) · Repository of Kazimierz Wielki University · Cited by 7
Determinants of Perceived Teamwork: Examination of Team Performance and Social Psychophysiology
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Biofeedback-Based Mental Training in the Military—The “Mental Gym™” Project
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The role of personality in dyadic interaction: A psychophysiological study
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Neuroanatomy of Shared Conversational Laughter in Neurodegenerative Disease
Pressman, P., Shdo, S. M., Simpson, M. L., Chen, K., Mielke, C. J., Miller, B. L., Rankin, K. P., & LEVENSON, R. W. (2018) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00464 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Ecologically salient stressors and supports and the coordination of cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase in mothers and infants
Hibel, L. C., Trumbell, J. M., Valentino, K., & Buhler‐Wassmann, A. C. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.024 · Cited by 8
Smoothing enhances the detection of common structure from multiple time series
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“The dynamic characteristics of processes can be explicitly modeled with time series analysis (for examples of successful implementation of a time series design, see Jones, Ghannam, Nigg, & Dyer, 1993; Levenson & Gottman, 1983; Schmitz & Skinner, 1993).”
Method
Differential Impacts of Monologue and Conversation on Speech Emotion Recognition
Chien, W.-S., Upadhyay, S. G., Lin, W.-C., Busso, C., & Lee, C.-C. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2024.3509138 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, speaking face-to-face offers an optimal environment for individuals to express and perceive emotions more naturally, as evidenced in the context of marital relationships [23], teacher-student interaction [24], inter-organization interaction [25] and business negotiation [26].”
The science of honesty: A review and research agenda
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Coordination in interpersonal systems
Butler, E. A. (2022) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2023.2168624 · Cited by 8
“Empirical work has shown positive associations between physiological coordination and relational, performance and health variables (Helm et al., 2014; Imel et al., 2014), negative associations (Gates et al., 2015; Levenson & Gottman, 1983; Strang et al., 2014) and no association (Reed et al., 2013).”
Background
Adolescents' Submission and Conflict Behaviors with Mothers Predicts Current and Future Internalizing Problems
Powers, S. I., Battle, C. L., Dorta, K. P., & Welsh, D. P. (2010) · Research in Human Development · doi:10.1080/15427609.2010.526522 · Cited by 6
Relational Psychophysiology and Mutual Regulation During Dyadic Therapeutic and Developmental Relating
O'Brien, K. M., Afzal, K., & Tronick, E. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7141-7_13 · Cited by 8
“Using measures such as cortisol, alpha-amylase, skin conductance, heart rate, and respiration, several social-related emotions such as empathy, loneliness, and disagreement (e.g., Levenson and Gottman 1983) have been associated with concurrent synchrony and time-lagged synchrony (e.g., Butler 2011).”
Background
Tailoring emotions in romantic relationships: A person-centered approach
Benson, A. J., Cavallo, J. V., & Daljeet, K. N. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103897 · Cited by 6
Linear and Nonlinear Age Trajectories of Language Use: A Laboratory Observation Study of Couples’ Conflict Conversations
Luo, M., Neysari, M., Schneider, G., Martin, M., & Demiray, B. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaa041 · Cited by 6

Authors: Levenson, R. W., & Gottman, J. M.
Affiliations: Indiana University Bloomington (US)
ORCID: Levenson, Robert W.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1983
Volume: 45
Issue: 3
Pages: 587-597
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.587
OpenAlex: W2143250836
Cited by: 855
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 8.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Marriage and Sexual Relationships
Keywords: marital interaction, marital satisfaction, marital distress, marital conflict, heart rate, skin conductance, somatic activity
MeSH terms: Affect, Behavior, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart Rate, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Marriage, Motor Activity, Psychophysiology, Pulse

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Marital interaction: Physiological linkage and affective exchange.

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