Cited by 856Attachment and Relationship DynamicsHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlMarriage and Sexual Relationships

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Marital interaction: Physiological linkage and affective exchange.

Levenson, Robert W., Gottman, John M.·1983·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.587

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Abstract

Thirty married couples were studied during naturalistic interactions to determine the extent to which variation in marital satisfaction could be accounted for by physiological and affective patterns between and within spouses. The authors hypothesized that (a) compared to nondistressed couples' interactions, distressed couples' interactions would show greater physiological interrelatedness or "linkage," more negative affect, and more reciprocity of negative affect and (b) these differences would be more pronounced when the interaction was high in conflict (discussing a marital problem) as opposed to low in conflict (discussing the events of the day). Heart rate, skin conductance, pulse transmission time, and somatic activity from both spouses were analyzed using bivariate time-series techniques to derive a measure of physiological linkage. Self-report affective data (obtained using a video-recall procedure) were analyzed using sequential analyses to derive a measure of affect reciprocity. The hypotheses were strongly supported; 60% of the variance in marital satisfaction was accounted for using measures of physiological linkage alone. Additional nonredundant variance was accounted for by the other physiological and affective measures.

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“Given the previous association between physiological arousal and talk about affectively salient issues (Levenson and Gottman, 1983; Luminet et al., 2000; Zech and Rimé, 2005), we assume that utterances concerning a balloon passenger sacrificing him- or herself by jumping from the balloon, are associated with higher SC…”
Background
Connectome-based prediction of marital quality in husbands’ processing of spousal interactions
Ma, S., Zhang, J., Song, K., Zhao, R., Fang, R.-H., Wang, L., Yao, S.-T., Hu, Y., Jiang, X., Potenza, M. N., et al. (2022) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsac034 · Cited by 5
“Marital interaction refers to the process of exchanging thoughts and feelings between husbands and wives, which includes both verbal and non-verbal information, involving emotional characteristics and content (Gottman et al., 1977; Gottman, 1979; Levenson and Gottman, 1983; Geist and Gilbert, 1996; Eckstein and Goldma…”
Background
Emotion Regulation as a Mediator of Adolescent Developmental Processes and Problem Outcomes
Kivisto, K. L. (2011) · Cited by 2
The Autonomic Architecture of Emotion
LEVENSON, R. W. (2003) · Cited by 2
Self-citation
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“Negative emotion include feelings such as ‘hostile,’ ‘upset,’ ‘ashamed,’ ‘nervous,’ or ‘sad’ (Levenson & Gottman, 1983; Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 994).”
Family resiliency among hurricane survivors: resource loss, prior traumatic events, and cumulative stress
Knowles, R. (2007) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.3050 · Cited by 2
“In the field of stress research, some studies have found that women were more likely to focus on their emotions and on other people, whereas men were more likely to withdraw from their emotions and to face challenges alone (Burr & Klein, 1994; Levenson & Gottman, 1983, 1985).”
Background
ENGAGE-DEM : a model of engagement of people with dementia
Perugia, G. (2018) · doi:10.5821/dissertation-2117-168870 · Cited by 2
“As an example, when people experience a high level of rapport – when they click – they might find themselves mirroring each other’s postures, gestures (La France and Ickes, 1981), and physiological states (Levenson and Gottman, 1983; Järvelä et al., 2014).”
Background
Observational Methods for Assessing Psychological State
Tennenbaum, D. L., & Jacob, T. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0906-0_34 · Cited by 2
Heart rate synchrony as a marker of real-world social engagement: modulated by proximity, social familiarity, and acoustic environmentPreprint
He, H., Christensen, J. H., Sørensen, A. J. M., & Konvalinka, I. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691366 · Cited by 2
The Demand-Withdraw Communication Pattern in Middle-Aged and Older Couples: A Longitudinal Study
Holley, S. R. (2010) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 2
Later-life marriage, chronic illness, and spouse-caregiver functioning
Harkness, J. L. (1997) · doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-13482 · Cited by 2
Social Functions
Parkinson, B. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108696234.006 · Cited by 1
Streaming to Connect: Exploring How Social Connectedness Relates to Empathy Types and Physiological States in Remote Virtual Audiences
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Positive Emotions
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Negotiating Conflict: Affective Behavioral Sequences in Belgian and Japanese Couple Interactions
Schouten, A., Bodner, N., Boiger, M., Ceulemans, E., Uchida, Y., & Mesquita, B. (2025) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-025-00321-0 · Cited by 1
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Balconi, M., Rovelli, K., Magni, G., Genovese, L. A., Mauri, M., Sajno, E., Sansoni, M., Gaspari, S. D., Serino, S., Lernia, D. D., et al. (2026) · Trends in Neuroscience and Education · doi:10.1016/j.tine.2026.100281 · Cited by 1
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“Furthermore, another study with married couples demonstrated that greater physiological synchrony during high conflict discussions was associated with lower marital satisfaction (Levenson & Gottman, 1983).”
UTILIZACIÓN DE SEÑALES FISIOLÓGICAS PARA ANALIZAR LA PERCEPCIÓN DEL USUARIO EN LA INTERACCIÓN CON PAVIMENTOS CERÁMICOS
Hernández, J. L. (2011) · Cited by 1

Authors: Levenson, R. W., & Gottman, J. M.
Affiliations: Indiana University Bloomington (US)
ORCID: Levenson, Robert W.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1983
Volume: 45
Issue: 3
Pages: 587-597
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.587
OpenAlex: W2143250836
Cited by: 855
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 8.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Marriage and Sexual Relationships
Keywords: marital interaction, marital satisfaction, marital distress, marital conflict, heart rate, skin conductance, somatic activity
MeSH terms: Affect, Behavior, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart Rate, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Marriage, Motor Activity, Psychophysiology, Pulse

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Marital interaction: Physiological linkage and affective exchange.

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