The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perceiver-induced constraint: Interpretations of self-generated reality.
Abstract
It is often assumed that persons accept the validity of the social realities they construct simply because they do not realize that they have constructed them. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether perceivers tend to infer correspondent attitudes when an actor expresses opinions that t
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1975) · Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1834-0_8 · Cited by 22,650
The psychology of interpersonal relations
Heider, F. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089062 · Cited by 17,189
Bem, D. J. (1972) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60024-6 · Cited by 5,241
Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.
Cherniak, C., Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. D. (1983) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2184495 · Cited by 4,196
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968) · The Urban Review · doi:10.1007/bf02322211 · Cited by 3,878
(1967) · Cited by 3,831
Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior
JONES, E. E. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,760
Self-citationFrom acts to dispositions the attribution process in person perception
Jones, E. E., & Davis, K. E. (1965) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60107-0 · Cited by 3,424
Self-citationThe “false consensus effect”: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes
Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-x · Cited by 3,139
Miller, G. A., & Cantor, N. E. (1982) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1982.1.1.83 · Cited by 2,862
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 335
Galinsky, A. D. (2004) · Research on managing groups and teams · doi:10.1016/s1534-0856(02)04005-7 · Cited by 60
How do journalists think?: a proposal for the study of cognitive bias in newsmaking
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-5593 · Cited by 60
Structural and individualistic theories of poverty
Calnitsky, D. (2018) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12640 · Cited by 58
Baumeister, R. F., & Twenge, J. M. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0514 · Cited by 58
The benefits of turn‐taking reciprocal self‐disclosure in get‐acquainted interactions
Sprecher, S., & Treger, S. (2015) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12090 · Cited by 56
Aging, Cognitive Complexity, and the Fundamental Attribution Error
Follett, K. J., & Hess, T. M. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/57.4.p312 · Cited by 56
“To address this issue, in the present study we used a modification of a procedure developed by Gilbert and Jones (1986).”
BackgroundMethodShoda, Y., Mischel, W., & Wright, J. C. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.56.1.41 · Cited by 54
Zhou, H., Majka, E. A., & Epley, N. (2017) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616687124 · Cited by 55
“In one example, participants who explicitly instructed someone to give conservative answers to a political survey, by reading them from a script, inferred that the other person was actually somewhat conservative (Gilbert & Jones, 1986).”
BackgroundHopwood, C. J., Harrison, A. L., Amole, M. C., Girard, J. M., Wright, A. G. C., Thomas, K. M., Sadler, P., Ansell, E. B., Chaplin, T. M., Morey, L. C., et al. (2018) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191118798916 · Cited by 51
“Familiar interactants may also expect that, given previous exposures to the other, they are less likely to be perceived a certain way (e.g., because of attribution errors or correspondence biases; Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Ross, 1977).”
Influence and inference: What the active perceiver overlooks.
Gilbert, D. T., JONES, E. E., & Pelham, B. W. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.861 · Cited by 48
Self-citationImplicit Bias ≠ Bias on Implicit Measures
Gawronski, B., Ledgerwood, A., & Eastwick, P. W. (2022) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2022.2106750 · Cited by 56
Miller, A. G., Ashton, W. A., & Mishal, M. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.4.635 · Cited by 47
Misconnecting the dots: origins and dynamics of out-group paranoia
Kramer, R. M., & Schaffer, J. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139565417.015 · Cited by 46
Fleming, J. H. (1994) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60155-0 · Cited by 44
Fleming, J. H., & Darley, J. M. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.56.1.27 · Cited by 43
Overconfidence, base rates and outcome positivity/negativity of predicted events
Pulford, B. D., & Colman, A. M. (1996) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02600.x · Cited by 41
Control Motivation and Attitude Change
Pittman, T. S. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8309-3_6 · Cited by 46
Marsili, N. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.12 · Cited by 39
The Relative Salience of Physiognomic Cues in Differentiating Faces: A Methodological Tool
Montepare, J. M., & Opeyo, A. (2002) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1014470520593 · Cited by 39
“In addition to familiarity with different groups, research has shown that the salience of a social category marker can be moderated by factors such as the relative accessibility of a particular category (e.g., Bargh, Chaiken, Govender, & Pratto, 1992), prejudice toward members of a particular social groups (e.g., Devi…”
BackgroundWhite, P. A. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0016970 · Cited by 43
Hamilton, E. L. (2016) · Auditing A Journal of Practice & Theory · doi:10.2308/ajpt-51452 · Cited by 37
Powerless Language Markers and the Correspondence Bias
Blankenship, K. L., & Craig, T. Y. (2007) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x06296470 · Cited by 36
“…way to explore this possibility would be to use a common paradigm in the social psychological literature related to testing the correspondence bias (Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Jones & Harris, 1967) or the fundamental attribution error (Ross, 1977; i.e., the tendency to infer personal characteristics…”
BackgroundThe role of observers' expectations in attitude attribution
Reeder, G. D., Fletcher, G. J. O., & Furman, K. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(89)90011-5 · Cited by 33
The Indirect Psychological Costs of Cognitive Enhancement
Faber, N. S., Maslen, H., & de Sio, F. S. (2013) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.794880 · Cited by 32
Behavior identification as a mediator of dispositional inference.
Yaacov Trope, B., Cohen, O., & Alfieri, T. J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.6.873 · Cited by 32
Fallis, D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.13 · Cited by 30
From prototypicality to power: A social identity analysis of leadership
Hogg, M. A. (2004) · Advances in group processes · doi:10.1016/s0882-6145(01)18002-1 · Cited by 31
Social psychological issues in disability.
Dunn, D. S. (2000) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10361-027 · Cited by 31
Häuser, W., Glaesmer, H., Schmutzer, G., & Brähler, E. (2012) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.09.006 · Cited by 28
“Moreover, findings of an association between WP and potential traumatic events in clinical samples or population samples exposed to potential traumatic events could be biased by an attributional search of the persons for explanations of medically unexplained somatic symptoms such as WP [24].”
BackgroundValidating Measures of Leader Authenticity
Randolph-Seng, B., & Gardner, W. L. (2012) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/1548051812464780 · Cited by 30
“…level of authenticity reflected in the leadership speeches, two trained independent raters who were blind to the condition assignments and the purpose of the experiment coded the authenticity of each speech on a 7-point semantic differential scale (see Gardner, 2003; Gilbert & Jones, 1986).”
MethodEveryday egocentrism and everyday interpersonal problems.
Gilovich, T. D., Kruger, J., & Savitsky, K. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10320-003 · Cited by 30
Patients’ constructions of disability in metastatic spinal cord compression
Eva, G., Paley, J., Miller, M. P., & Wee, B. L. (2008) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216308099959 · Cited by 29
The role of applicability in the emergence of the overattribution bias.
Leyens, J., Yzerbyt, V. Y., & Corneille, O. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.70.2.219 · Cited by 29
Prada, M., Rodrigues, D. L., & Garrido, M. V. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.012 · Cited by 33
Stressing the person: Legal and everyday person attributions under stress
Kubota, J. T., Mojdehbakhsh, R., Raio, C. M., Brosch, T., Uleman, J. S., & Phelps, E. A. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.07.020 · Cited by 28
“…step is more likely to be incomplete when cognitive resources are drained or busy, such as when individuals are under time pressure or under cognitive load, resulting in dispositional attributions (Baumeister, 1998; Gilbert et al., 1988; Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Jones, 1979; Biol Psychol.”
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108695374 · Cited by 30
Culture in Mind – An Enactivist Account
Hutto, D. D., Gallagher, S., Ilundáin‐Agurruza, J., & Hipólito, I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.009 · Cited by 29
Contemporary Approaches to the Philosophy of Lying
Mahon, J. E. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.3 · Cited by 27
Dispositioning and the Obscured Roles of Time in Psychological Explanations
Field, D. P., & Hineline, P. N. (2008) · Cited by 26
The how and why of disagreement among perceivers: An exploration of person models
Mohr, C. D., & Kenny, D. A. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.05.007 · Cited by 26
Contextomy: the art of quoting out of context
McGlone, M. S. (2005) · Media Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0163443705053974 · Cited by 26
Kitayama, S., Park, J., & Cho, Y.-H. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190218966.003.0002 · Cited by 25
“However, when asked to infer the real attitude of the target after observing the target’s behavior, the participants still inferred the target’s attitude to correspond with his or her behavior (Gilbert & Jones, 1986).”
BackgroundJawahar, I. M. “. (2004) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601104267664 · Cited by 24
“For instance, research on fundamental attribution error (e.g., Heider, 1958; Ross, 1977) or correspondence bias (Gilbert & Jones, 1986) has shown that person perceivers often overestimate the influence of dispositional factors or underestimate the influence of situational factors on behavior.”
BackgroundMaier, E. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.23 · Cited by 23
Stokke, A. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.20 · Cited by 23
Tal‐Or, N. (2009) · Social Influence · doi:10.1080/15534510903160480 · Cited by 23
“On the other hand, as is suggested by the perceiver-induced constraint (Gilbert & Jones, 1986), interactants tend to ignore the conversational context even if they created it themselves.”
BackgroundOutcome-Biased Inferences and the Perception of Change in Groups
Mackie, D. M., Worth, L. T., & Allison, S. T. (1990) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1990.8.4.325 · Cited by 23
A Century of Social Psychology: Individuals, Ideas, and Investigations
Goethals, G. R. (2007) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781848608221.n1 · Cited by 23
Terkourafi, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.29 · Cited by 22
Dietz, S. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.22 · Cited by 22
Cramer, R. E., Weiss, R. F., William, R. S., Reid, S. L., Nieri, L. J., & Manning-Ryan, B. (2002) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/02724990143000289 · Cited by 19
“…event–outcome relationships include the possibility of human agency, the causal attribution process is all too frequently constrained by the correspondence bias (e.g., Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones, 1979; Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977; Ross, Amabile, & Steinmetz, 1977).”
BackgroundUnweaving the Web: Deception and Adaptation in Future Urban Operations
Gerwehr, S., & Glenn, R. W. (2003) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/mr1495 · Cited by 25
Underestimating our influence over others at work
Bohns, V. K., & Flynn, F. J. (2013) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2013.10.002 · Cited by 21
“Similar reasoning can explain the findings by Gilbert and Jones (1986) and Flynn and Lake (2008).”
ResultWhen consensus counts: Exploring the impact of consensus claims in advertising
Freling, T. H., & Dacin, P. A. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2009.12.001 · Cited by 21
Stokke, A. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.10 · Cited by 20
Corporate Environmental Responsibilities and Executive Compensation: A Risk Management Perspective
Hao, J.-Y. P., & Kang, F. (2019) · Business and Society Review · doi:10.1111/basr.12166 · Cited by 20
Carson, T. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.001.0001 · Cited by 21
Causal chunking: Memory and inference in ongoing interaction.
Swann, W. B., Pelham, B. W., & Roberts, D. C. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.5.858 · Cited by 20
“Furthermore, some evidence (e.g., Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Gilbert, Pelham, & Krull, 1987; Jones & Harris, 1967) and theorizing (Gilbert, 1987) suggests that it may be impossible to completely wipe out the tendency for people to regard the behaviors of others as reflections of underlying traits.”
BackgroundMethodGupta, S., & Ortony, A. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.11 · Cited by 19
Galasiński, D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.41 · Cited by 19
Similarity focus and support for redistribution
Ordabayeva, N., & Fernandes, D. V. D. H. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.05.001 · Cited by 18
Benton, M. A. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.9 · Cited by 21
The Effect of an Informational Option on the Fundamental Attribution Error
Miller, A. G., & Lawson, T. (1989) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167289152006 · Cited by 19
Blumberg, S. J., & Silvera, D. H. (1998) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1998.16.2.253 · Cited by 19
Gendron, M., Mesquita, B., & Barrett, L. F. (2020) · Culture, Mind, and Brain · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.010 · Cited by 20
Lying, Irony, and Default Interpretation
Giora, R. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.26 · Cited by 17
Dynel, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.25 · Cited by 17
Ganis, G. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.35 · Cited by 17
Better think before agreeing twice
Pandelaere, M., Briers, B., Dewitte, S., & Warlop, L. (2010) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2010.01.003 · Cited by 17
Discounting in children: The role of social knowledge
Miller, P. H., & Aloise, P. A. (1990) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/0273-2297(90)90013-t · Cited by 17
Fornells‐Ambrojo, M., & Garety, P. A. (2009) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800902844197 · Cited by 18
“Given that attributional biases are found in nonclinical populations (Gilbert & Jones, 1986 ; Heider, 1958 ; Ross, 1977 ), it was not expected that the three loci of attributions would have equal probability of being endorsed in individual scenarios.”
BackgroundEdwards, A., & Edwards, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2021.788242 · Cited by 15
“As such, an observer will likely attribute reasons for a behavior to internal characteristics and not external factors (Gilbert and Jones, 1986).”
BackgroundCulture, Mind, and Brain: Emerging Concepts, Models, and Applications
Kirmayer, L. J., Worthman, C. M., Kitayama, S., Lemelson, R., & Cummings, C. A. (2020) · Cited by 15
Familiar and Strange: Gender, Sex, and Love in the Uncanny Valley
Laue, C. L. (2017) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti1010002 · Cited by 15
“As noted by Gilbert and Jones [82], however, this is not even an anomalous process in interactions between humans, as research subjects were shown to construct feelings of love in other people, even when provided with clear evidence that the love they were constructing did not exist.”
BackgroundSilvera, D. H., & Laufer, D. A. (2005) · Cited by 15
Ji, Y., Tao, W., & Wan, C. (2025) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502251319843 · Cited by 23
Letting off steam or just steaming?
Parlamis, J. D., Allred, K. G., & Block, C. J. (2010) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/10444061011063171 · Cited by 14
Epley, N., & Eyal, T. (2019) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2019.04.002 · Cited by 15
Use and Disuse of Contextual Primes in Dynamic News Environments
Kim, Y. M. (2005) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/55.4.737 · Cited by 14
Multi-Observer Assessment of Problem Behavior in Adjudicated Youths: Patterns of Discrepancies
Glaser, B. A., Calhoun, G. B., Bradshaw, C. P., et al. (2001) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1300/j019v23n02_03 · Cited by 14
Perceptual and inferential determinants of behavior-correspondent attributions
Yaacov Trope, B., & Cohen, O. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(89)90009-7 · Cited by 14
Baumeister, R. F., Masicampo, E. J., & Twenge, J. M. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop205012 · Cited by 14
You’re not yelping your case: the unexpected social consequences of word of mouth
Palmeira, M. M., Spassova, G., & Quoidbach, J. (2020) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-08-2018-0551 · Cited by 14
Égré, P., & Icard, B. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.27 · Cited by 14
Sequential Correspondence Biases and Perceptions of Change: The Castro Studies Revisited
Allison, S. T., Mackie, D. M., Muller, M. M., & Worth, L. T. (1993) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167293192003 · Cited by 13
Do dispositional attributions regarding peer endorsers influence product evaluations?
Sørum, K. A., Grape, K. M., & Silvera, D. H. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00319 · Cited by 13
Lewis, P. T. (1995) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00803.x · Cited by 13
Khan, K. S., & Chaudhry, S. (2015) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/ebmed-2014-110101 · Cited by 15
“such as ‘What did you like in my profile?’ is brilliant as it has many possible positive answers.(56) Eager responses are not a turn-off, so do not keep the potential date waiting.”
BackgroundKukucka, J., Hiley, A., & Kassin, S. M. (2020) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14546 · Cited by 15
Stereotypes and Dispositional Judgment
Trope, Y. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3582-8_6 · Cited by 12
Green, S. P. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.38 · Cited by 11
Price Promotion (In)frequency and Consumers’ Brand Quality Evaluations
Lalwani, A. K., Wang, J. J., & Silvera, D. H. (2020) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/710248 · Cited by 11
Niemi, L., Doris, J. M., & Graham, J. (2022) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105332 · Cited by 13
Personal Attitudes, Constraint Magnitude, and Correspondence Bias
Alicke, M. D., Zerbst, J. I., & LoSchiavo, F. M. (1996) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15324834basp1802_7 · Cited by 11
Cognitive Processes in Close Relationships: Recent Findings and Implications for Counseling
Lopez, F. G. (1993) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02218.x · Cited by 11
Overconfidence in human judgement
Pulford, B. D. (1996) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) · Cited by 11
Why person models are important for human factors science
de Winter, J. (2013) · Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science · doi:10.1080/1463922x.2013.856494 · Cited by 10
“The terms ‘fundamental attribution error’ (Ross 1977, 186) and ‘correspondence bias’ (Gilbert and Jones 1986) were introduced, referring to the fact that people overvalue personality-based or actor-based beliefs for observed behaviours, while undervaluing situational explanations.”
BackgroundLying, Implicating, and Presupposing
Meibauer, J. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.14 · Cited by 8
Commentaries on "The Really Fundamental Attribution Error in Social Psychological Research"
(2001) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1201_02 · Cited by 10
Computer-Mediated Leadership: Deficits, Hypercharisma, and the Hidden Power of Social Identity
Fischer, O., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2004) · German Journal of Human Resource Management Zeitschrift für Personalforschung · doi:10.1177/239700220401800304 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Gilbert, D. T., & Jones, E. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- ORCID
- Gilbert, Daniel T.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1986-02
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 269-280
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2042257098
- Semantic Scholar
- 46f18c7c66db45d6d8885023ccdc49e0adc86344
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 39.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
- Keywords
- construal level, social construction of reality, self-perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review