The challenge of defining wellbeing

Dodge, Rachel; Daly, Annette; Huyton, Jan; Sanders, Lalage

doi:10.5502/ijw.v2i3.4

Cited by 2,166Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionHealth, psychology, and well-beingQuality of Life Measurement

The challenge of defining wellbeing

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Dodge, Rachel, Daly, Annette, Huyton, Jan, Sanders, Lalage·2012·International Journal of Wellbeing

DOI 10.5502/ijw.v2i3.4

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Abstract

Wellbeing is a growing area of research, yet the question of how it should be defined remains unanswered.This multi-disciplinary review explores past attempts to define wellbeing and provides an overview of the main theoretical perspectives, from the work of Aristotle to the present day.The article argues that many attempts at expressing its nature have focused purely on dimensions of wellbeing, rather than on definition.Among these theoretical perspectives, we highlight the pertinence of dynamic equilibrium theory of wellbeing (Headey & Wearing, 1989), the effect of life challenges on homeostasis (Cummins, 2010) and the lifespan model of development (Hendry & Kloep, 2002).Consequently, we conclude that it would be appropriate for a new definition of wellbeing to centre on a state of equilibrium or balance that can be affected by life events or challenges.The article closes by proposing this new definition, which we believe to be simple, universal in application, optimistic and a basis for measurement.This definition conveys the multi-faceted nature of wellbeing and can help individuals and policy makers move forward in their understanding of this popular term.

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The definition of psychological well-being, or the elements emphasized, change depending on the context in which it is studied (Dodge et al., 2012).
“Being a multi-dimensional construct, the definition of psychological well-being, or the elements emphasized, change depending on the context in which it is studied (Dodge et al., 2012).”
From Psychological Well-Being and Its Relationships with Active and Passive Procrastination (2015) · cites this paper as Dodge et al., 2012
In “The historical background to wellbeing research” (p. 223), Dodge et al. describe hedonic and eudaimonic approaches that emphasize different elements of wellbeing. They also report that researchers have placed different emphases on what wellbeing is. The paper supports variation across research approaches, but does not establish that definitions change depending on the context in which psychological wellbeing is studied. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The quest for a single definition of wellbeing is as yet unresolved, and definitions currently in use are various.
“The quest for a single definition of wellbeing is a quest as yet unresolved (Dodge, et al., 2012) and definitions currently in use are various.”
From A GROUNDED THEORY EXPLORATION OF WELLBEING FOR WOMEN WHO HAVE BEEN FORCIBLY DISPLACED AS A RESULT OF TRAUMA CAUSED BY CONFLICT, BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF PARTICIPANTS LIVING IN UGANDA (2025) · cites this paper as Dodge, et al., 2012
There is extensive disagreement over the definition and theoretical basis of well-being.
“Fundamental to the challenge of measuring well-being is the extent of disagreement over its definition9 and theoretical basis.8”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [9]

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Authors: Dodge, R., Daly, A., Huyton, J., & Sanders, L.
Affiliations: Cardiff Metropolitan University (GB)
Corresponding author: Dodge, Rachel
Venue: International Journal of Wellbeing
Publisher: International Journal of Wellbeing
Published: 2012-08-28
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Pages: 222-235
ISSN: 1179-8602 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.5502/ijw.v2i3.4
OpenAlex: W4250386232
Cited by: 2,166
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 126 · 2025: 158 · 2024: 227 · 2023: 252 · 2022: 281 · 2021: 291 · 2020: 223 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 118 · 2017: 113 · 2016: 82 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 13
FWCI: 54.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
Locations: International Journal of Wellbeing (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Cardiff Metropolitan Research Repository (Cardiff Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Quality of Life Measurement
Keywords: well-being, homeostasis, life problems, lifespan development, Aristotle, well-being measurement, life events

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