Purpose in life is associated with a reduced risk of incident disability among community-dwelling older persons
Open accessAbstract
Background Purpose in life is thought to be associated with positive health outcomes in old age, but its association with disability is unknown.Objective Test the hypothesis that greater purpose in life is associated with a reduced risk of incident disability, including impairment in basic and instrumental activities of daily living and mobility disability, among community-based older persons free of dementia.Design Participants were from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a large longitudinal clinical-pathologic study of aging.Setting Retirement communities, senior housing facilities, and homes across the greater Chicago metropolitan area.Measurements All participants underwent baseline assessment of purpose in life and detailed annual clinical evaluations to document incident disability.Results The mean score on the purpose in life measure at baseline was 3.6 (standard deviation = 0.5, range: 2-5). In a series of proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and education, greater purpose in life was associated with a reduced risk of disability in basic activities of daily living (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [C1] = 0.45-0.81), instrumental activities of daily living (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40-0.78), and mobility disability (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.84). These associations did not vary along demographic lines and persisted after the addition of terms to control for global cognition, depressive symptoms, social networks, neuroticism, income, physical frailty, vascular risk factors, and vascular diseases.Conclusions Among community-based older persons without dementia, greater purpose in life is associated with maintenance of functional status, including a reduced risk of developing impairment in basic and instrumental activities of daily living and mobility disability.
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Having a strong sense of purpose and meaning in life may be a protective factor in relation to health.
“Having a strong sense of purpose and meaning in life may be a protective factor in relation to health”
From Leading a meaningful life at older ages and its relationship with social engagement, prosperity, health, biology, and time use (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
Longitudinal studies document associations between purpose/meaning in life and reduced premature mortality, slower development of age-related disability, reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease, healthier lifestyles, and more preventive behaviors.
“with longitudinal studies documenting associations with reduced premature mortality, slower development of age-related disability, reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease, healthier lifestyles, and more preventive behaviors”
From Leading a meaningful life at older ages and its relationship with social engagement, prosperity, health, biology, and time use (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
Higher PIL is associated with less disability.
“In numerous prospective research studies, higher PIL has been associated with better self-rated health,22 fewer chronic diseases (eg, stroke,8,19 myocardial infarctions9), reduced pain,11 less disability,7,10,11 less dementia and Alzheimer's disease,23 and reduced mortality.6,10,11”
From Purpose in Life and Positive Health Outcomes Among Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
There were minimal demographic differences with the exception of those 80 years of age and older having lower PIL.
“As in other studies, there were minimal demographic differences with the exception of those 80 years of age and older having lower PIL.”
From Purpose in Life and Positive Health Outcomes Among Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
The average PIL score of 3.9 in this study was generally in the same range as other studies with 5 responses.
“However, the average PIL score of 3.9 in this study was generally in the same range as other studies with 5 responses.”
From Purpose in Life and Positive Health Outcomes Among Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
The strong correlations between PIL, resilience, and social support have been documented in other studies.
“The strong correlations between PIL, resilience, and social support have been documented in other studies as well.”
From Purpose in Life and Positive Health Outcomes Among Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
Interventions focused exclusively on PIL have yet to be developed.
“Interventions focused exclusively on PIL have yet to be developed, although several researchers have recommended a focus on goal-driven, meaningful activities defined as hobbies, volunteerism, religious involvement, or physical activities.”
From Purpose in Life and Positive Health Outcomes Among Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
Several researchers have recommended a focus on goal-driven, meaningful activities defined as hobbies, volunteerism, religious involvement, or physical activities.
“Interventions focused exclusively on PIL have yet to be developed, although several researchers have recommended a focus on goal-driven, meaningful activities defined as hobbies, volunteerism, religious involvement, or physical activities.”
From Purpose in Life and Positive Health Outcomes Among Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
Numerous prospective studies from 2 to 8 years would strongly suggest that high PIL results in better health and less disability.
“Numerous prospective studies from 2 to 8 years would strongly suggest that high PIL results in better health and less disability.”
From Purpose in Life and Positive Health Outcomes Among Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
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Purpose in Life, Loneliness, and Protective Health Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Sense of Purpose Predicts Daily Positive Events and Attenuates Their Influence on Positive Affect
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Purpose in life may delay adverse health outcomes in old age
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Is purpose in life associated with less sleep disturbance in older adults?
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Contributions of eudaimonic well-being to mental health practice
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Important Correlates of Purpose in Life Identified Through a Machine Learning Approach
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Self-citationWell-Being, Aging, and Immunity
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Purpose in Life Among Family Care Partners Managing Dementia: Links to Caregiving Gains.
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Cognition, mood, and purpose in life in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
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Self-concept Clarity and Meaning in Life: A Daily Diary Study in a Collectivistic Culture
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Does meaning protect against loneliness? Exploring empirical studies and theory
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Advancing the Science of Well-Being
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Massey, W. V., Szarabajko, A., Thalken, J., Perez, D., & Mullen, S. P. (2021) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101948 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Validity of the FACIT-Sp to Assess Spiritual Well-Being in Elderly Patients
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Great, purposeful expectations: predicting daily purposefulness during the COVID-19 response
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Tsuzishita, S., & Tadaaki, W. (2021) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics6030073 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Purpose in life promotes resilience to age-related brain burden in middle-aged adults
Abellaneda‐Pérez, K., Cattaneo, G., Cabello‐Toscano, M. R., Sánchez, J. S., Mulet‐Pons, L., Vaqué‐Alcázar, L., Perellón‐Alfonso, R., Solé‐Padullés, C., Bargalló, N., Tormos, J. M., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-023-01198-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The role of goal and meaning in life for older adults facing interpersonal stress
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Sense of purpose in life and allostatic load in two longitudinal cohorts
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Reconstruction of Meaning in Life: Meaning Made during the Pandemic of COVID-19
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Using Concept Mapping Methods to Define “Healthy Aging” in Anchorage, Alaska
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Disparities in mental health, social support and coping among individuals with mobility impairment
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Purpose in Life and Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions in Old Age
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Self-citationRisk and protective factors for wellbeing in older veterans in New Zealand
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The Eudaimonics of Health: Exploring the Promise of Positive Well-Being and Healthier Living
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Purpose in life, Neural Alcohol Cue Reactivity, and Daily Alcohol Use in Social Drinkers.
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Propósito de vida e desempenho de atividades avançadas de vida diária em idosos mais velhos
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The Quality of Life of Older Adults in a Multiethnic Metropolitan: An Analysis of CASP-19
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“Just Get Up and Get on.” Purpose in Later Life
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Sense of Purpose and Experiences of Discrimination During Older Adulthood
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The Association of Psychological Well‐Being with Disablement Processes in a National Sample
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- Authors
- Boyle, P. A., Buchman, A. S., & Bennett, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Boyle, Patricia A.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1093-1102
- ISSN
- 1064-7481 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2992099
- OpenAlex
- W2038900041
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG017917, R01-AG-24480, R01‐AG17917, K23AG023040, K23AG040, R01AG024480)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- meaning of life, incident disability, older adults, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, mobility impairment, functional status, community-dwelling older adults, retirement communities, Rush Memory and Aging Project
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Dementia, Disability Evaluation, Female, Goals, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Intention
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