The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Terror management and tolerance: Does mortality salience always intensify negative reactions to others who threaten one’s worldview?
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In the citing paper
“In an early study, Greenberg et al. (1992) provided initial support for this idea by showing that activating the concept of tolerance reduced the tendency to devaluate different others after MS.”
From Do Salient Social Norms Moderate Mortality Salience Effects? A (Challenging) Meta-Analysis of Terror Management Studies (2023) · cites this paper as Greenberg et al., 1992
In the citing paper
“whereas American conservatives derogated a politically dissimilar person after MS, liberals did not (Study 1).”
From When Death is Good for Life: Considering the Positive Trajectories of Terror Management (2012) · cites this paper as Greenberg, Simon, Pyszczynski, Solomon, and Chatel, 1992
In the citing paper
“a second study found that priming the value of tolerance reduced derogatory worldview defenses that were otherwise observed after MS.”
From When Death is Good for Life: Considering the Positive Trajectories of Terror Management (2012) · cites this paper as Greenberg et al., 1992
In the citing paper
“Evidence supported that hypothesis, and a second study found that experimentally priming the value of tolerance eliminated derogatory worldview defenses that were otherwise observed after MS (see also [53]).”
From An Appreciative View of the Brighter Side of Terror Management Processes (2015) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“Evidence supported that hypothesis, and a second study found that experimentally priming the value of tolerance eliminated derogatory worldview defenses that were otherwise observed after MS (see also [53]).”
From An Appreciative View of the Brighter Side of Terror Management Processes (2015) · cites this paper as [52]
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“Given the TMT, it was assumed that effects obtained among our research group would be similar to those obtained during the TMT creator’s experiments [5], as well as the derived conclusions [16].”
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“Terror Management Theory (TMT) has provided empirical evidence that specific emotions tend to increase the likelihood of negative attitudes towards members of an out-group (Greenberg, Solomon, and Pysczynski 1997; Greenberg et al. 1992; Schimel et al. 1999).”
BackgroundBoucher, H. C., & Millard, M. A. (2016) · International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1080/10508619.2015.1092847 · Cited by 2
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“Thus, individuals with rigid cultural worldviews are not only less tolerant of others with opposing worldviews (Greenberg et al., 1992), but also have fewer resources for earning selfesteem.”
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Tradeoffs of humility in the face of existential concerns
Tongeren, D. R. V., Brady, I., Duinen, C. V., McLaughlin, A. T., Davis, D. E., & Hook, J. N. (2025) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104673 · Cited by 1
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Dong, T. H., Lucifora, C., Massimino, S., Ferraioli, F., Falzone, A., Tomaiuolo, F., Travaglino, G. A., & Vicario, C. M. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15111191 · Cited by 2
“For example, mortality threats may compel individuals to cultivate a more positive self-image [45] or may result in conservatives becoming more biased while liberals exhibit increased tolerance towards differences among others [46].”
Smith, L. K. M., Bergsieker, H. B., & Wolfe, S. E. (2025) · PLOS Water · doi:10.1371/journal.pwat.0000460 · Cited by 1
“…limited to water managers or had been led to consider the decision-makers as part of their ingroup (as in, with some shared interest), perhaps decision-makers would have been rated more favorably after mortality reminders, as observed in other TMT [121,122] and intergroup bias research [123,124].”
Do We Really Know What We Need? A Commentary on Pyszczynski, Greenberg, and Solomon
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Jiménez, M. D. L. V. M., & Suárez-Juesas, C. (2016) · Revista de psicología · doi:10.5354/0719-0581.2015.38402 · Cited by 1
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Pan, P., Zhou, S., & Hayes, M. (2018) · Howard Journal of Communications · doi:10.1080/10646175.2018.1532851 · Cited by 1
“When people’s mortality thoughts are activated, they would attempt to safeguard their own cultural norms (Greenberg et al., 1992), resulting in simplistic stereotypic thinking and preference (Schimel et al., 1999), more hostility toward those who violate their cultural worldview (McGregor et al.,…”
BackgroundEffects of Mortality Salience on Racism in Singapore
Chew, P. K. H., Tan, T. M. X., & Yeo, H. W. (2024) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678241231880 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, the lack of an interaction effect between social dominance orientation and mortality salience is inconsistent with previous studies that have found moderators for the relationship between mortality salience and out-group derogation (Greenberg et al., 1992).”
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Wells, K., & Daniels, L. M. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l éducation · doi:10.53967/cje-rce.6763 · Cited by 2
“…through Teachers' Emotional Experiences During COVID-19 1126 Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l’éducation 47(4) www.cje-rce.ca terror management theory (Greenberg et al., 1992) incites people to take actions that have positive benefits for the self (e.g., Dechesne et al., 2000).”
InfluentialRihs, M., Brodwolf, F. L., & Mast, F. W. (2025) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2025.2469137 · Cited by 1
“Second, cultural worldview defense under MS is typically strongest when the relevant cultural worldview is highly valued by the individual (e.g., Greenberg et al., 1992).”
Andersen, S. M., Chen, S., & Miranda, R. (2002) · Cited by 1
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Enjedani, M., & Khodapanahi, M. K. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.174
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Jaśkiewicz, M. (2014) · Current Issues in Personality Psychology · doi:10.5114/cipp.2014.46233
Political orientation moderates worldview defense in response to Osama bin Laden’s death.
Chopik, W. J., & Konrath, S. (2016) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1037/pac0000191
“Further evidence that conservatives and liberals might provide polarized responses to bin Laden’s death comes from research on authoritarianism (Feldman & Stenner, 1997; Greenberg et al., 1992; Konrath, Guglielmello, Salerno, & Winter, 2007).”
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Ścigaj, P. (2014) · Politeja · doi:10.12797/politeja.11.2014.32.05
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Mortality Salience and Political Violence
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Terrorism as a Reminder of Mortality
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Evil, Existential Terror, and Classroom Climate
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Atalay, G. E., & Pehlivan, B. M. (2019) · Opus uluslararası toplum araştırmaları dergisi · doi:10.26466/opus.557391
“As discussed above, Terror Management Theory’s findings indicates that liberals would be more tolerant to dissimilar others when mortality salient, because their values include being more open-minded and tolerant (Greenberg et al., 1992b).”
BackgroundBrandt, M. J., Wetherell, G. A., & Reyna, C. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2275223
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Rafi, S., Ali, M., & Nawaz, I. (2018) · Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities · doi:10.46568/jssh.v57i1.111
Horner, D. E., Sielaff, A., & Greenberg, J. (2020) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1815103
“Moreover, research has shown that MS motivates people to defend cultural norms and national identity (Rosenblatt et al., 1989; Greenberg et al., 1990, 2003) as well as uphold culturally-valued goals and ideals (e.g., Greenberg et al., 1992, 2010; Jonas et al., 2013; Gailliot et al., 2008).”
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Inner Terror and Outward Hate: The Effects of Mortality Salience on Bias Motivated Attacks
Lieberman, J. D. (2009) · Nebraska Symposium on Motivation/The Nebraska symposium on motivation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0696-0_5
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Yi, Y., 안효현, 정유희, 김준환, & 김재환 (2009) · Seoul Journal of Business · doi:10.35152/snusjb.2009.15.2.005
“For instance, mortality salience increases favor toward people who support cultural values (Greenberg et al. 1992), aggression toward people who violate cultural norm (McGregor et al. 1998), and aggressive driving behavior when driving is an important source of self-esteem (BenAri, Florian, and…”
BackgroundDamus, O. (2024) · HAL
دور إبراز أفكار الموت والتهدیدات الواقعیة والرمزیة فی تعزیز الرؤیة الجهادیة
العسلى, ه. ح. (2022) · المجلة المصرية لعلم النفس الإکلينيکي والإرشادي · doi:10.21608/pshj.2022.274287
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“Comparatively, when in distal defense, research shows people tend to promote cultural worldviews (Solomon, Greenberg, Pyszczynski, 2004) by favoring ingroup members (Greenberg et al., 1992) or derogating outgroups (Pyszczynski et al.”
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Guimond, S., & Nugier, A. (2023) · Peace psychology book series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46254-2_6
Political Violence as a Last Resort: The Role of Group-Based Relative Deprivation
Guimond, S., & Nugier, A. (2023) · Peace psychology book series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46254-2_4
Politics and Domestic Terrorism: Building a Diverse Democracy
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“For example, Greenberg et al. (1992) found that the tendency for conservatives to like other conservatives, more than liberals, was intensi fi ed following reminders of death.”
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“…following terror attacks (Jost et al., 2017; Sibley et al., 2012); group divisions along ideological lines and in general (Greenberg et al., 1990; Greenberg et al., 1992; Greenberg et al., 1994; Greenberg et al., 2001), strengthening group loyalties (e.g., Van de Vyver et al., 2016); system…”
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“Under Terror Management Theory, individuals satisfy certainty needs by bolstering their prior conservative or liberal beliefs (see Chatard, Arndt, and Pyszczynski 2010; Greenberg et al. 1992; and Weise et al. 2008).”
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“On the one hand, people may uphold various “cul - tural worldviews” in response to MS. Cultural worldviews refer to a set of shared beliefs about the nature of reality that can imbue the world with order, meaning, and per - manence (Greenberg et al., 1992; Greenberg et al., 1997).”
de Graaf, A., & Das, E. H. H. J. (2025) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2025.2592075
(2000) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-60752-847-020251013
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Dehşet Yönetimi Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin sınanması
Çetinel, A., & Şahin, E. (2025) · Kayseri Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.51177/kayusosder.1689158
Yan, Y., Xie, Q., & Lai, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1727723
Pelletier, C., Proulx, É., Foisy, L.-O. M., Drouin, J., Cadieux, H., & Dufresne, Y. (2026) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2025.2576779
“Self-esteem also acts as a psychological buffer against existential anxiety by providing individuals with a sense of personal significance (Greenberg et al., 1992).”
Dechesne (2000) · doi:10.1002/1099-0992(200011/12)30:6
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Greenberg, J., Simon, L., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & Chatel, D.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1992
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 212-220
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4294945763
- Cited by
- 487
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 6.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- terror management theory, mortality salience, tolerance, intergroup attitudes
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