The transsituational influence of social norms.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The null effect of norm primes in the absence of MS is not in line with predictions of the focus theory of normative conduct but corresponds to several studies showing no norm prime effects on norm conformity, decreasing confidence in the validity of social norm priming effects-at least without taking into account boundary conditions.
“This result is not in line with predictions of the focus theory of normative conduct (Cialdini et al., 1991; Reno et al., 1993) but does correspond to several studies showing no norm prime effects on norm conformity (e.g., Bergquist & Nilsson, 2016, study 1; Hamann et al., 2015; Kallgren et al., 2000, study 1; Lawrence, 2015), providing a further data point that decreases confidence in the valid”
From Do Salient Social Norms Moderate Mortality Salience Effects? A (Challenging) Meta-Analysis of Terror Management Studies (2023) · cites this paper as Reno et al., 1993
Cites
Normative explanations of helping behavior: a critique, proposal, and empirical test.
Schwartz, S. H. (1973) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(73)90071-1 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms
Schultz, P. W., Nolan, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., & Griskevicius, V. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01917.x · Cited by 3,643 · see citing works
Self-citationWebb, T. L., Joseph, J., Yardley, L., & Michie, S. (2010) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1376 · Cited by 2,517 · see citing works
Determinants of consumer food waste behaviour: Two routes to food waste
Stancu, V., Haugaard, P., & Lähteenmäki, L. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.08.025 · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
Managing social norms for persuasive impact
Cialdini, R. B., Demaine, L. J., Sagarin, B. J., Barrett, D. W., Rhoads, K., & Winter, P. L. (2006) · Social Influence · doi:10.1080/15534510500181459 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Self-citationA Focus Theory of Normative Conduct: When Norms Do and Do not Affect Behavior
Kallgren, C. A., Reno, R. R., & Cialdini, R. B. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672002610009 · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
Self-citationReducing intergroup prejudice and conflict using the media: A field experiment in Rwanda.
Paluck, E. L. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0011989 · Cited by 902 · see citing works
White, K. M., Smith, J. R., Terry, D. J., Greenslade, J. H., & McKimmie, B. M. (2009) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466608x295207 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Larimer, M. E., Turner, A. P., Mallett, K. A., & Geisner, I. M. (2004) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.18.3.203 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Influences of social norms on climate change-related behaviors
Cialdini, R. B., & Jacobson, R. P. (2021) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.01.005 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationTrending Norms: A Lever for Encouraging Behaviors Performed by the Minority
Mortensen, C. R., Neel, R., Cialdini, R. B., Jaeger, C. M., Jacobson, R. P., & Ringel, M. M. (2019) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550617734615 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationLarimer, M. E., & Neighbors, C. (2003) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.17.3.235 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Healthy and unhealthy social norms and food selection. Findings from a field-experiment
Mollen, S., Rimal, R. N., Ruiter, R. A. C., & Kok, G. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.01.020 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Kormos, C., Gifford, R., & Brown, E. (2015) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916513520416 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Belief in conspiracy theories and intentions to engage in everyday crime
Jolley, D., Douglas, K. M., Leite, A. C., & Schrader, T. (2019) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12311 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Jonas, E., Martens, A., Niesta Kayser, D., Fritsche, I., Sullivan, D., & Greenberg, J. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013593 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Existential threat and compliance with pro-environmental norms
Fritsche, I., Jonas, E., Kayser, D. N., & Koranyi, N. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.08.007 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Responses to Other-Imposed Pro-Black Pressure: Acceptance or Backlash?
Plant, E. A., & Devine, P. G. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.2001.1478 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Bastiaensens, S., Pabian, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Van Cleemput, K., DeSmet, A., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2016) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12134 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Agreeableness and Its Consequences: A Quantitative Review of Meta-Analytic Findings
Wilmot, M. P., & Ones, D. S. (2022) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683211073007 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Social Norms and Health Behavior
Reid, A. E., Cialdini, R. B., & Aiken, L. S. (2010) · Handbook of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09488-5_19 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationJonas, E., Sullivan, D., & Greenberg, J. (2013) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2012.12.005 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Intergroup Emotions Theory: Production, Regulation, and Modification of Group-Based Emotions
Mackie, D. M., & Smith, E. R. (2018) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2018.03.001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Competing or aiming to be average?: normification as a means of engaging digital volunteers
Preist, C., Massung, E., & Coyle, D. (2014) · Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing · doi:10.1145/2531602.2531615 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Conflicting norms highlight the need for action.
McDonald, R. I., Fielding, K. S., & Louis, W. R. (2014) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916512453992 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Schindler, S., Hilgard, J., Fritsche, I., Burke, B., & Pfattheicher, S. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683221107267 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“This result is not in line with predictions of the focus theory of normative conduct (Cialdini et al., 1991; Reno et al., 1993) but does correspond to several studies showing no norm prime effects on norm conformity (e.g., Bergquist & Nilsson, 2016, study 1; Hamann et al., 2015; Kallgren et al.,…”
ResultThe spread of technological innovations: effects of psychology, culture and policy interventions
Tverskoi, D., Babu, S., & Gavrilets, S. (2022) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.211833 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Enhancing Placebo Effects: Insights From Social Psychology
Sliwinski, J., & Elkins, G. R. (2013) · American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00029157.2012.740434 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“For example, a study conducted by Reno, Cialdini, and Kallgren (1993) indicated that people are less likely to litter after witnessing a confederate picking up trash off the floor.”
ResultReferral Contagion: Downstream Benefits of Customer Referrals
Gershon, R., & Jiang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/00222437241257886 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Reno, R. R., Cialdini, R. B., & Kallgren, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- ORCID
- Cialdini, Robert B.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1993-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 104-112
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2100550293
- Cited by
- 976
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 13.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychology of Social Influence
- Keywords
- social norms, norm internalization, social influence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
