The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood.
Abstract
Previous research has found that self-focused rumination maintains or increases depressed mood, whereas distraction decreases depressed mood (S. Nolen-Hoeksema & J. Morrow, 1993; S. Nolen-Hoeksema, J. Morrow, & B. L. Fredrickson, 1993). The present series of experiments examined these mood regulation strategies in the context of an angry mood. In Experiments 1 and 3, rumination increased anger, whereas distraction decreased or had no effect on anger. In Experiments 2 and 4, women were more likely to choose to ruminate when in a neutral mood but to distract themselves following induction of an angry mood. Men were equally likely to choose rumination or distraction, regardless of mood condition. The results are interpreted and discussed within the framework of an associative-network model of anger.
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“rumination over negative emotional events prolongs angry and depressed affective states (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1993; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998)”
From The Affective Style Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Properties (2010) · cites this paper as Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998
Citations
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“It can intensify anxiety (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Olatunji et al., 2013), exacerbate angry mood, increase hostility, and trigger more aggressive behavior (Peled & Moretti, 2010; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998).”
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“While these induction techniques have generally proven effective at invoking the state of interest (c.f. Mutz, 2002; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998; Searles & Mattes, 2015), the strength of our treatment could be constrained by its focus on things that a family member might say as opposed to…”
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“For instance, detractors might stoke their original negative reaction by ruminating about the event (Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998) or by reminding themselves not to normalize racist behavior.”
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“In contrast, angry rumination is considered a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy that can maintain or intensify anger and aggression (Bushman 2002; Rusting and Nolen-Hoeksema 1998; Denson 2013; Denson et al. 2011a, b, 2012; Oliva et al. 2023).”
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“Rumination has been found to be positively associated with all five negative affective states analyzed in the current paper as well as with SI (Cenkner et al., 2023; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Rogers & Joiner, 2017a; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998; Thomsen, 2004).”
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“Unlike gen - eral depressive brooding that primarily deepens sadness, “anger rumination” or provocation-focused thought is a robust predictor of overt aggression (Denson et al., 2009 ; Peled & Moretti, 2010 ; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998; Sukhodolsky et al., 2001 ).”
Wang, X., Ma, Y., & Ouyang, M. (2026) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2026.2681817
“Anger rumination prolongs and intensifies adolescents’ angry state, thereby intensifying aggressive tendencies (Bushman et al., 2005; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998).”
Liu, S., & Cai, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1875520
Presa di decisione in situazioni rischiose: effetto della rabbia
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rusting, C. L., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 790-803
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2049614219
- Cited by
- 641
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 12.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- anger, rumination, distraction, mood regulation, gender differences, emotion regulation strategies
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anger, Attention, Defense Mechanisms, Depression, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Models, Psychological, Students
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