Cited by 642Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesEmotions and Moral BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood.

Rusting, Cheryl L., Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan·1998·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.790

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Abstract

Previous research has found that self-focused rumination maintains or increases depressed mood, whereas distraction decreases depressed mood (S. Nolen-Hoeksema & J. Morrow, 1993; S. Nolen-Hoeksema, J. Morrow, & B. L. Fredrickson, 1993). The present series of experiments examined these mood regulation strategies in the context of an angry mood. In Experiments 1 and 3, rumination increased anger, whereas distraction decreased or had no effect on anger. In Experiments 2 and 4, women were more likely to choose to ruminate when in a neutral mood but to distract themselves following induction of an angry mood. Men were equally likely to choose rumination or distraction, regardless of mood condition. The results are interpreted and discussed within the framework of an associative-network model of anger.

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“The materials used to induce rumination were adopted from those described by Rusting and Nolen-Hoeksema (1998).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“Similarly, individuals who ruminate about a provoker become angrier ( Bushman, 2002 ; Bushman, Bonacci, Pedersen, Vasquez, & Miller, 2005 ; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998 ).”
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“Several studies support the effectiveness of distraction in reducing anger, largely due to its ease of implementation (Bushman et al., 2005; Denson et al., 2012; Millgram et al., 2019; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998).”

Authors: Rusting, C. L., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1998
Volume: 74
Issue: 3
Pages: 790-803
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.790
OpenAlex: W2049614219
Cited by: 641
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 12.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: anger, rumination, distraction, mood regulation, gender differences, emotion regulation strategies
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anger, Attention, Defense Mechanisms, Depression, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Models, Psychological, Students

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Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood.

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