Cited by 486Emotions and Moral BehaviorDeath Anxiety and Social ExclusionForgiveness and Related Behaviors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The causes, phenomenology, and consequences of hurt feelings.

Leary, Mark R., Springer, Carrie, Negel, Laura, Ansell, Emily, Evans, Kelly·1998·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1225

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1225

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
Naegele, K. D., & Goffman, E. (1956) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089106 · Cited by 26,049
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245
Self-citation
Human Nature and the Social Order
Cooley, C. H. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203789513 · Cited by 4,847
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518 · Cited by 2,519
Self-citation
Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride.
Tangney, J. P., & Fischer, K. W. (1995) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 1,430
Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A reexamination of the fact or fiction question.
Bradley, G. W. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.1.56 · Cited by 1,141
Positive illusions: creative self-deception and the healthy mind
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-4168 · Cited by 790
Point-Counterpoints: Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (1990) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1990.9.2.165 · Cited by 743
Victim and perpetrator accounts of interpersonal conflict: Autobiographical narratives about anger.
Baumeister, R. F., Stillwell, A. M., & Wotman, S. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.994 · Cited by 657

Show all 29 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 486

Speech criticism, face-work, and communication responses: Towards a model of speech criticism and feedback
Marlow, M. L. (2016) · Journal of Multicultural Discourses · doi:10.1080/17447143.2016.1250767 · Cited by 5
“Although trivial complaints may be minimized or overlooked, serious criticism often evokes hurt (Leary and Springer 2001; Leary et al. 1998; Vangelisti 2001; Vangelisti and Young 2000) and anger from recipients (Baron 1989; Carson and Cupach 2000).”
Background
"I Can Have the Heart to Tolerate Insults Rather Than …": Explorations of Forgivable and Unforgivable Transgressions in Ghanaian Marriages
Tutu, A. O., Dzokoto, V. A. A., & Belgrave, F. Z. (2019) · Journal of black sexuality and relationships · doi:10.1353/bsr.2019.0004 · Cited by 5
Comparing Romantic Partners' Perceptions of Hurtful Communication During Conflict Conversations
Young, S. L., Bippus, A. M., & Dunbar, N. E. (2015) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2014.941113 · Cited by 5
“…accounts of hurtful events from both of the people involved in a particular incident raises the possibility that the victims and perpetrators in our study recounted qualitatively different kinds of episodes, thereby making comparisons of their accounts suspect’’ (Leary et al., 1998, p. 1232).”
Background
Dealing with Hurt: An Assessment of Dispositional Style and Ethnicity in Coping Strategies
Cater, T. E., May, L. N., & Byrd, D. A. (2012) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-012-9135-4 · Cited by 5
Toward a new theory of couple functioning: a short overview of “Love and Rejection Messages Theory” (LRMT)
Marici, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1646458 · Cited by 5
Rejection and Serious Aggression
Kowalski, R. M., & Leary, M. R. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009408165.012 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Mediating the Damaging Effects of Hurtful Teasing: Interpersonal Solidarity and Nonverbal Immediacy as Mediators of Teasing in Romantic Relationships
Sidelinger, R. J., Frisby, B. N., & McMullen, A. L. (2012) · Atlantic Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/15456870.2012.665344 · Cited by 4
“For example, targets of hurtful messages may believe the senders devalue the relationship ( Leary, Springer, Negel, Ansell, & Evans, 1998 ).”
BackgroundInfluential
Loss Through Betrayal: An Analysis of Social Provision Changes and Psychological Reactions
Couch, L. L., & Olson, D. R. (2015) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2015.1108789 · Cited by 4
Physical pain induces negative person perception
He, W., Guo, S., Jiang, J., Zhou, X., & Gao, D. (2016) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12134 · Cited by 4
Surdez e sexualidade: Uma análise a partir das representações sociais de universitários surdos
Guimarães, V. M. A., Santos, F., Santos, B. F. D. S., & da Silva, J. P. (2019) · Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia · doi:10.12957/epp.2019.44280 · Cited by 4
Ostracism Applied to the Workplace
Sommer, K. L., Nagel, J. A., & Williams, K. D. (2021) · Palgrave explorations in workplace stigma · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54379-2_1 · Cited by 5
Unheard voices: The sexual challenges of families of patients with bipolar disorder: A qualitative content analysis
Yaghmaei, S., Babamohamadi, H., Shamsaei, F., & Ghods, A. A. (2023) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.13369 · Cited by 4
“67 In the study by Kim et al. (2019), people had four types of responses to being rejected by their sexual partner: Understanding, resentful, insecure, and enticing responses.”
Background
Emotional contrast or compensation? How support reminders influence the pain of acute peer disapproval in preadolescents.
Thomaes, S. C. E., Sedikides, C., Reijntjes, A. H. A., Brummelman, E., & Bushman, B. J. (2015) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000041 · Cited by 4
Haidt et al.’s case for moral pluralism revisited
de Villiers-Botha, T. (2020) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2019.1688776 · Cited by 3
Affairs and Infidelity
Allan, G. A., & Harrison, K. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511770548.011 · Cited by 4
The effect of meditation based on self-observation on cognitive responses in conflictive social interaction
Pinazo, D., & Rodríguez, C. V. (2014) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2014.935460 · Cited by 4
“This type of attribution is potentially more aggressive, since it can cause greater harm and pain (Leary et al., 1998; Vangelisti & Young, 2000; Young, 2004).”
Background
The Effectiveness of Explicit Demand and Emotional Expression Apology Cues in Predicting Victim Readiness to Accept an Apology
Peyton, A., & Goei, R. (2013) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.775171 · Cited by 4
What I Felt Like Doing, but did Not Do When I Felt Hurt: An REBT-Based Investigation of Action Tendencies that are Not Acted On
Dryden, W., & Hurton, N. R. (2013) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-013-0169-9 · Cited by 4
“Such studies have also been influenced by, and interpreted from, various theoretical perspectives, such as sociometer theory (Leary et al. 1998), appraisal theory (e.g. Vangelisti and Young 2000; McLaren and Solomon 2008) attachment theory (e.g. Feeney 2005) and expectancy violations theory (e.g.…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Workplace Ostracism: More Distressing than Harassment
Sao, R. N. (2018) · Helix · doi:10.29042/2018-4167-4170 · Cited by 4
Anticipated emotional and behavioral responses to ambiguous rejection by a significant other, friend, or acquaintance
Jones, T. L., & Barnett, M. A. (2020) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2020.1798864 · Cited by 6
Understanding lack of understanding : Invalidation in rheumatic diseases
Kool, M. B. (2012) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 4
Conflicted About Coworkers: How Coworker Support Influences Engagement After Status Loss
Marr, J. C., Lemay, E. P., & Park, H. (2025) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12674 · Cited by 3
““Hurt feelings” are a form of social pain that people experience when they perceive relational devaluation—that another individual does not regard his or her relationship with the person to be as important, close, or valuable as the person desires (Feeney 2005; Leary et al. 1998).”
Peerspective: A Study on Reciprocal Tracking for Self-awareness and Relational Insight
Lee, K., Jung, Y., Jung, G., Lu, X., & Hong, H. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713404 · Cited by 4
“By fostering mutual understanding, setting clear expectations, and aligning the tracking activities with both participants’ comfort levels, the workshop aimed to minimize potential conflicts, build trust, and ensure that the reciprocal tracking process remained both meaningful and comfortable [47].”
Generating insult from injury: Receiving self improvement gifts causes negative word of mouth
Chapman, L. M., & Reshadi, F. (2025) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2025.04.005 · Cited by 3
Adolescent boys’ grooming product use and perceived health risks: An exploration of parental influence
Yoo, J., Jacob, J., & Baier, M. E. M. (2011) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896911398983 · Cited by 3
THE STRUCTURE OF NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY: ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE DIMENSIONS AS AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF NARCISSISM
Ansell, E. B. (2005) · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Brain connectivity during social exclusion differs depending on the closeness within a triad among older adults living in a village
Kim, H., Kwak, S., Baek, E. C., Oh, N., Baldina, E., Youm, Y., & Chey, J. (2023) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsad015 · Cited by 3
“Additionally, rejection from close others might violate the positive expectation of being accepted in close relationships (Leary et al., 1998; Snapp and Leary, 2001).”
Background
Coping with Transgressions by the Romantic Partner: An Inventory Validation and its Correlation with Forgiveness
Rosales-Sarabia, R. M., Aragón, S. R., & Loving, R. D. (2023) · Acta de Investigación Psicológica · doi:10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2023.2.499 · Cited by 3
Examining the role of adverse childhood experiences in its association with vindictiveness, emotional awareness, hurt feelings, and self-esteem
Khalid, S., Batool, S., & Zaman, S. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00318-z · Cited by 3
“Research indicates that hurt feelings, along with the fear of sadness are closely associated to emotional distress, subsequently lessen positive affect and increase negative outcomes [23].”
Implications of Divine Forgiveness for Conciliatory Behavior: Understanding How Feeling Forgiven by God Influences Apologies Via Self-Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Humility
Ludwig, J. M., Koetke, J., & Schumann, K. (2025) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672241312265 · Cited by 6
“Interpersonal offenses occur frequently and can jeopardize relationships and well-being if left unresolved (Kiecolt-Glaser & Newton, 2001; Leary et al., 1998).”
Modeling the Potential Effectiveness of Low Person-Centered Emotional Support: The Role of Relational Closeness, Goodwill, and Message Accuracy on Outcomes
Ray, C. D., & Manusov, V. (2025) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2025.2484846 · Cited by 3
“Negative relational ramifications were measured using items developed as part of the Consequences of Hurtful Episodes Scale (Leary et al., 1998).”
Contingent Self-esteem in Chinese Early and Late Adolescents
Chen, L. (2011) · Cited by 3
Lying Happily Ever After: Altruistic White Lies, Positive Illusions, and Relationship Satisfaction
Kaplar, M. E. (2006) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 3
Contextualizing Experiences of Hurt Within Close Relationships
McLaren, R. M., & Solomon, D. H. (2014) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463373.2014.911766 · Cited by 3
“For example, greater relationship satisfaction and=or intimacy is associated with attributing less intentionality to a hurtful partner (Leary et al., 1998, Vangelisti & Young, 2000) and engaging in less relational distancing (Vangelisti, 1994; Vangelisti & Crumley, 1998).”
Background
INTERPRETATIONS AND BELIEFS ASSOCIATED WITH CHILDREN'S REVENGE GOALS IN CONFLICT SITUATIONS
McDonald, K. M. (2008) · DukeSpace (Duke University) · Cited by 3
The Ups and Downs of Hierarchy: the causes and consequences of hierarchy struggles and positional loss
Schouten, M. E. (2016) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 3
Embracing the screen of mediated environments
Wotipka, C. D., High, A. C., McLaren, R. M., Afifi, W. A., Afifi, T. D., & Bianchi, A. J. (2016) · doi:10.17077/etd.v6kqvg0k · Cited by 3
“…transgression in each channel (Spitzberg & Canary, 1987), the level of comfort they felt in the interaction, their partners’ intention to hurt them (Leary et al., 1998; Vangelisti & Young, 2000), the amount of anger they felt toward their partner (Dillard & Shen, 2005), the communicative…”
BackgroundInfluential
A twelve-country population-based psychometric validation study of the Arabic version of the Social Pain Questionnaire (SPQ)Preprint
Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Alhuwailah, A., Sakr, F., Chaibi, L. S., Helmy, M. S., Shuwiekh, H. A. M., Boudouda, N. E., Zarrouq, B., Naser, A. Y., Jebreen, K., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4534712/v1 · Cited by 3
Validating the Chinese social network index: network size centrality, loneliness as a bridge, and social motivations
Gao, R., & Wei, X. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03846-y · Cited by 3
“The core of hurt feelings is the devaluation of relationships, which occurs when people realize that another person’s relationship with them is not as close, important, or valuable as they would like it to be [37].”
Folk Attributions of Control and Intentionality Over Mental States.
Cusimano, C., & Goodwin, G. P. (2017) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 2
What Happens When Young Men Hurt? Exploring Young Men’s Experiences of Relationship Dissolution in Educational Contexts
Haywood, C., & Bending, E. (2021) · Young people and learning processes in school and everyday life · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75319-1_6 · Cited by 2
Perdão e Satisfação Conjugal: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Mendes-Teixeira, A. I., & Duarte, C. (2021) · Psicologia Ciência e Profissão · doi:10.1590/1982-3703003200730 · Cited by 2
When Your Partner Cheats: Financial Infidelity in Committed Couples
Mong, M. D., Stadthagen, H., Noguchi, K., & Jeanfreau, M. M. (2021) · Journal of Financial Therapy · doi:10.4148/1944-9771.1248 · Cited by 3
“Thus, the victims of interpersonal transgressions within the romantic couple relationship may react more intensely than they would with non-romantic acquaintances or strangers (Leary et al., 1998).”
Personalizers’ Responses to Hurt: Do Intensity and Intentionality Mediate Relational Distancing?
Young, S. L., Fiori, K., & Ortega, V. C. (2023) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2023.2165704 · Cited by 2
“…(Leary & Springer, 2001; MacDonald & Leary, 2005) argues that the emotion of hurt is experienced when individuals feel “that another individual does not regard his or her relationship with the person to be as important, close, or valuable as the person desires” (Leary et al., 1998, p. 1225).”
Background
Transgression Severity, Forgiveness, Relationship Satisfaction, and Mental Health in Romantic Relationships
Behrens, C., & Kröger, C. B. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000731 · Cited by 2
A festschrift honoring Dr. Kipling Williams: the expansion of ostracism research
Wirth, J. H., & Wesselmann, E. D. (2025) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2025.2572647 · Cited by 3
“Early research found people describe their experience with ostracism and other forms of social exclusion using pain-based language (e.g., “They broke my heart” or “I was stabbed in the back”; Leary et al., 1998).”
Lean Production, Izzat and Industrial Conflict in the Indian Auto Sector: A Case Study
Mathew, S. K. K., & Burgess, J. (2018) · Relations industrielles · doi:10.7202/1053840ar · Cited by 2
Initiating and Avoiding Communication with Mothers: Young Adult Children's Perceptions of Hurtfulness and Affirming Styles
Kennedy-Lightsey, C. D., & Dillow, M. R. (2011) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/10417940903419243 · Cited by 2
“Out of 168 participants, Leary, Springer, Negel, Ansell, and Evans ( 1998 ) discovered that only two reported being hurt by someone other than a close friend, family member, or romantic partner.”
Background
EFFECT OF WORKPLACE INCIVILITY ON COWORKER HELPING: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF HURT FEELINGS
Ismail, I. R. (2011) · Cited by 2
Revenge or Reconciliation? A Rejection-Based Model of Firm-Induced Relationship Termination
Hopkins, L. (2013) · DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University) · Cited by 2
Hurt Feelings and the Workplace
Cunningham, M. R., Barbee, A. P., & Mandal, E. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511770548.021 · Cited by 2
Saliendo del clóset en el trabajo: La relación entre el manejo de la identidad sexual, heterosexismo organizacional percibido, actitudes de trabajo y bienestar psicológico
Rosario-Hernández, E., Rovira-Millán, L. V., Cruz, C. R. P., Neris, M., & Acevedo, G. V. (2009) · Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología · Cited by 2
Distinctions between experiences of anger and sadness in children's and adolescents' narrative accounts of peer injury
Recchia, H. E., Wainryb, C., Dirks, M. A., Riedel, M., & Bodington, M. R. (2019) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12428 · Cited by 2
Relationship Education
Feeney, J. A., & Fitzgerald, J. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781444354119.ch20 · Cited by 2
Effects of Social Exclusion and Inclusion on Basic Needs Satisfaction, Self-Determined Motivation, the Orientations of Interpersonal Relationships, and Behavioural Self-Regulation
Ricard, N. C. (2011) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-4635 · Cited by 2
“These findings provided evidence that the psychological and emotional pain elicited by social exclusion is comparable to the pain caused by a physical injury (Leary et al., 1998).”
Background
"If you don't 'get it', it doesn't count": Conveying Responsiveness in Attempts to Seek Forgiveness Within Romantic Relationships
Pansera, C. (2009) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo) · Cited by 2
The identification and measurement of barriers to forgiveness following an interpersonal transgression.
Pearce, H. (2014) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) · Cited by 2
Social Ball: An immersive research paradigm to study social ostracismPreprint
Meral, E. O., Rosenbusch, H., Kip, A. M. V. E. T., Ren, D., van Dijk, E., & van Beest, I. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/v8kwx · Cited by 4
You are (not) forgiven: psychopathic traits, forgiveness, and unforgiveness in romantic relationships
Brazil, K. J., Mularczyk, K. P., Lee, S. C., & Forth, A. E. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07387-w · Cited by 1
“…painful because they signal relational devaluation (Feeney, 2004; but see Vangelisti et al., 2005), which is “the perception that another individual does not regard his or her relationship with the person to be as important, close, or valuable as the person desires” (Leary et al., 1998, p. 1225).”
Maximization in decision-making as compensation for threatened self-esteem
Huang, H., Zeigler‐Hill, V., & Li, H. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113311 · Cited by 2
Hurtful messages in Chinese relationships: Message content, appraisal, and effects
Zhang, S. (2025) · Journal of International and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/17513057.2025.2528685 · Cited by 1
The “haves” and the “have nots”: Interactive Effect of Disaster Salience, Social Class, and Identity Centrality on Emotions and Workplace Avoidance
Johnson, H. H., Keng, F. T., Bates, J. T., & Umphress, E. E. (2025) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-025-10064-1 · Cited by 1
Being Valued and Devalued at Work
Jane, E. D., Debebe, G., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2016) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-68123-392-520251003 · Cited by 1
Understanding Grudges: The Interplay Between Hurt Feelings and Anger
Li, J. S., Struthers, C. W., Ferrer, J., AlMakadma, O., Zhou, K. W., & Rebrov, D. O. (2026) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672251414770 · Cited by 1
An Objective Assessment of Mental Condition Based on EEG and ECG
Otabe, T., Kaneda, T., Yoshikai, M., & Tokuyasu, T. (2014) · International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA) · doi:10.1109/bwcca.2014.128 · Cited by 1
“The consequences of these experiences vary according to individual [1, 2].”
Background
Why I did Not do What I Felt Like Doing When I Felt Hurt: An REBT-Based Investigation of Reasons Why Hurt-Based Action Tendencies are Not Acted On
Dryden, W., & Hurton, N. R. (2013) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-013-0170-3 · Cited by 1
Love Means Never Having to Say You're Sorry, But What About Malpractice? A Look at Verbal and Nonverbal Factors Affecting Perceptions of Apologies in a Medical Malpractice Case
Thimsen, S. (2012) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 1
Secrecy in the Context of Romantic Relationships
Jackson, K. M. (2016) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2016.278 · Cited by 1
“The relational ramifications, or consequences, or both keeping and disclosing collective secrets were assessed using a modified version of the Consequences of Hurtful Episodes Scale (Leary et al., 1998; Zhang & Stafford, 2008).”
BackgroundMethod
CONNECTING TO OTHERS: STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND IMITATION
Blyth, S. K. (2015) · Scholars Commons (Wilfrid Laurier University) · Cited by 1
The Physiology of Social Pain
Vangelisti, A. L., & Brody, N. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679446.013.5 · Cited by 2
Motivated Interpretations of Deceptive Information
Vainapel, S., Shani, Y., & Shalvi, S. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11030297 · Cited by 1
“On the other hand, because people have high expectations from their friends, and because they perceive violations of these expectations as severe [33,34,39,41], people might not be willing to easily forgive a friend who lied to them.”
Background
Sulking behavior and the emergence of hurt feelings in young children
Hardecker, D. J. K., Schmidt, M. F. H., & Haun, D. B. M. (2021) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12553 · Cited by 1
“However, such a viewdoes not allow us to distinguish feeling hurt from shame and does not explain why the perpetrators often apologize after hurting someone’s feelings (Leary et al., 1998).”
Influential
A Review of Research on Behavioral Responses to Social Exclusion
高, 鑫. (2022) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2022.124119 · Cited by 1
STEREOTIP O UČENICIMA SA IZRAŽENOM AKADEMSKOM ORIJENTACIJOM: KO SU „ŠTREBERI” I ZAŠTO IH NE VOLIMO?
Bodroža, B., & Jakšić, I. M. (2014) · Primenjena psihologija · doi:10.19090/pp.2014.3.429-448 · Cited by 1
Assessing the Effectiveness of Debriefing Following a Social Exclusion Paradigm
Kitchens, M. B., & Gohm, C. L. (2014) · Cited by 1
Hurt Feelings in Women: The Interaction of Social and Individual Difference Factors
Burchell, J., Gorelik, A., & Wilkinson, R. B. (2016) · Journal of Relationships Research · doi:10.1017/jrr.2015.12 · Cited by 1
“However, the converse of the perpetrator having access to such information is that victims have an expectation that those close to them should know these vulnerabilities and to avoid them, and therefore can less easily excuse hurtful acts as unintentional or accidental (Leary et al., 1998).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
The Divine-Human Relationship in Romans 1–8 in the Light of Interdependence Theory
Kim, Y. (2020) · T&T Clark eBooks · doi:10.5040/9780567695796 · Cited by 1
Acculturation Coping Leads to Heightened Sensitivity to Socially Hurtful Events
Lu, M., Hamamura, T., Chan, M. Y. P., Li, C., & Park, J. H. (2020) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2020.1741358 · Cited by 3
“Past research indicates that these are some of the most common types of socially hurtful events (Leary et al., 1998).”
Background
A Framework for Understanding Variation in Youth Revenge Motivations and Retaliatory Behaviors
McDonald, K. L., Yang, J. Y., Seo, S., & Erath, S. A. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108776684.002 · Cited by 1
Emotional Responses to Varying Sources of Interpersonal Rejection
Cleek, M. K. (2015) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) · Cited by 1
Gender role orientation and the role of empathy in interventions promoting the development of interpersonal forgiveness.
Goldman, D. B. (2009) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-365 · Cited by 1
“…Missinge 3 2.7% _____________________________________________________________________ a The classification system for offenses was developed by Leary et al. (1998). b This refers to implicit rejection such as being ignored or left out of others’ activities. c This refers to acts of explicit…”
BackgroundInfluential
Victimization and co-occurring disorders among adolescents
Sabri, B. (2011) · doi:10.17077/etd.9jf9jsi8 · Cited by 1
“A betrayal of trust by an emotionally close perpetrator may result in hurtful emotions and internalizing consequences (Leary et al., 1998; Trembley et al., 1999).”
Background
GROUP REACTIONS TO RISKY PROSPECTIVE MEMBERS
Robinson, D. R. (2004) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Deliberate Self-Persuasion and Forgiveness
Cheung, I. (2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e512142015-539 · Cited by 1
“As previously discussed, victims’ initial responses to a transgression tend to reflect their gut-level reactions, such as experiencing negative emotions, patterns of cognitions, and behavioural tendencies, as well as seeking self-oriented outcomes (e.g., Leary et al., 1998; Ohbuchi et al., 1989).”
Background
Understanding emotional pain: A preliminary investigation
Weinstein, B. (2009) · doi:10.33915/etd.4549 · Cited by 1
Friction in computer-mediated communication
DeAngelis, J. A. (2010) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t3wh2q17 · Cited by 1
Development of an Emotional Pain Interview
Weinstein, B. (2011) · doi:10.33915/etd.4813 · Cited by 1
The Effects of Employee Dissimilarity on Organizational and Interpersonal Deviance
Oyet, M. C., Dupré, K. E., & Arnold, K. A. (2013) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2013.15909abstract · Cited by 1
Emotional Pain and Acute Nociception
Vargovich, A. M. (2011) · doi:10.33915/etd.4807 · Cited by 1
An Experimental Study of the Effects of Partners’ Offers of Amends and Expressions of Responsiveness on Forgiveness for Real-life Transgressions in Romantic Relationships
Pansera, C. (2012) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo) · Cited by 1
From mother to Mother Nature: The role of interpersonal attachment in human–nature relations
Capaldi, C. A. (2020) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2020-13953 · Cited by 1
“Allo-Inclusive Identity – Natural World (Leary et al., 2008) Uses similar graphical presentation of overlapping circles as Inclusion of Nature in Self Scale, but asks degree to which eight animate and inanimate aspects of nature are included in self-identity instead.”
Background
Moving Beyond Betrayal: How Meaning-Making and Power Promote Forgiveness Following Infidelity
Squires, E. C. (2014) · doi:10.22215/etd/2014-10468 · Cited by 1
Emotion and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Kittila, A. K. (2013) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/3883 · Cited by 1
Adding Insult to Injury: The Contributions of Politeness Theory to Understanding Hurt Feelings in Close Relationships
Goldsmith, D. J., & Donovan-Kicken, E. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511770548.005 · Cited by 1
Interpersonal Relationships
Kowalski, R. M. (2010) · The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0463 · Cited by 1
Communicative facework in marital dissolution and post-dissolution processes
Frisby, B. N. (2010) · doi:10.33915/etd.3107
“Relational devaluation is the belief that one partner does not find the relationship desirable, or value the relationship, to the same extent as the other relational partner (Leary et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
Minimizing a Potential Threat: The Effects of Closeness on Perceptions of Teasing
Gorman, G. (2008) · Scholars Commons (Wilfrid Laurier University)
Exploring hurtful communication from college teachers to students: A mixed methods study
Maresh, M. (2009) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
L'INFLUENCE DES ORIENTATIONS DU BESOIN D'AFFILIATION SUR L'ADAPTATION INTRAPERSONNELLE ET INTERPERSONNELLE
Lavigne, G. L. (2011) · Archipel (Université du Québec à Montréal)
Understanding the pendejo phenomenon in Puerto Rico: An example of culture -specific therapy
Biascoechea-Pereda, M. (2009) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)

Authors: Leary, M. R., Springer, C., Negel, L., Ansell, E., & Evans, K.
Affiliations: Wake Forest University (US)
University of Memphis (US)
ORCID: Leary, Mark R.
Ansell, Emily
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1998-05
Volume: 74
Issue: 5
Pages: 1225-1237
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1225
OpenAlex: W2076067670
Cited by: 485
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 7.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
Keywords: hurt feelings, emotional pain, interpersonal conflict, social rejection

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The causes, phenomenology, and consequences of hurt feelings.

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks